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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
topographic anatomy |
Superficial landmarks of the body - identified to perform an accurate assessment. Applies to a body in anatomic position. |
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anatomic position |
Position of reference - the patient stands facing forward, arm at the side, with the palms of the hands forward. Terms 'right' and 'left' are always referring to the pt's right/left. |
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anatomic planes |
imaginary straight lines dividing the body. 3 main axes: Coronal plane, Transverse (axial) plane, Sagittal (lateral) plane. these help to identify the location of internal structures and understand the relationships between and among the organs |
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Coronal plane |
slice to make a front and back portion. AKA Frontal |
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Transverse (axial) plane |
slice to make a top and bottom portion. |
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Sagittal (lateral) plane |
slice to make a left and right portion * a midsagittal plane (midline) is a special type of sagittal plane where the body is cut in half leaving equal left and right halves. ie. nose and navel found on this line. |
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Directional Terms - definition |
indicate distance and direction from the midline. terms used when discussing where an injury is located or how a pain radiates in the body. terms are paired as 'opposites'. |
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Anterior (Ventral) Posterior (Dorsal) |
Ventral/Anterior: the belly side of the body/The front surface of the body AKA: front Dorsal/Posterior: the spinal side of the body/The back surface of the patient AKA: Back |
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Right Left |
The pt's right The pt's left |
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Superior
Inferior |
*Top and Bottom. Also used to describe the rlp of one structure to another. Superior: Closest to the head AKA: Top, portion nearer to the head from a specific reference point. Inferior: Closest to the feet AKA: bottom, or part nearer to the feet. ie. knee is superior to the foot and inferior to the pelvis. |
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Proximal Distal |
*used to describe the rlp of any two structures on an extremity. Proximal: Closest to the point of attachment. AKA closer to the trunk. Distal: Farthest from the point of attachment. AKA structures further from the trunk, or nearer to the free end of the extremity. |
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Medial Lateral |
Medial: Closest to the midline AKA: parts that lie closer to the midline, AKA: middle or inner Lateral: Farthest from the midline AKA: parts of the body that lie farther from the midline, AKA: side or outer ie. the knee has medial (inner) and lateral (outer) aspects (surfaces) |
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Superficial Deep |
Closest to the surface of the skin AKA in Farthest from the surface of the skin AKA out |
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Palmar Plantar |
Palmar: Front region of the hand AKA palm Plantar: Bottom of the foot |
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Apex |
(Plural: apices) the tip of the structure ie. the apex of the heart is the bottom (inferior portion) of the ventricles in the left side of the chest. |
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MOVEMENT TERMS |
Flexion and Extension Adduction and Abduction |
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Flexion |
Bending of a joint |
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Extension |
Straightening of a joint |
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Adduction |
Motion toward the midline |
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Abduction |
Motion away from the midline |
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Bilateral Unilateral |
Bilateral: A body part that appears on both sides of the midline. ie. feet, eyes, ears, kidneys, lungs Unilateral: Structures that appear on only one side of the body are side to occur unilaterally. ie. spleen is on the left side only, liver is on the right side. *the terms bi- and unilateral can also refer to something occurring on only one side. ie. pain occurring on only one side of the body is unilateral pain. |
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Pt assessment process |
- palpate the abdomen and report findings |
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Abdomen Quadrants |
The way to describe the sections of abdominal cavity. Two imaginary lines intersecting at the umbilicus, dividing abdomen into 4 equal parts. RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, and LLQ. |
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Anatomic Positions |
terms to describe the position of the pt as you find him or her when you are ready to transport the patient Prone and Supine Fowler's Position Trendelenburg's Position Shock Position Recovery Position |
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Prone Supine |
lying face down lying face up |
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Fowlers position |
semi reclining position with head elevated to help them breathe easier and control the airway. A pt who is sitting up with knees bent is therefore said to be in Fowlers position. |
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Trendeleburgs Postion |
supine position on an incline with feet higher than their head to keep blood in the core. Pt. is on a backboard or stretcher with the feet 6" to 12" higher than the head. |
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Shock Position |
AKA modified tendelenburgs position, the head and torso (the trunk without the head and limbs) are supine, and the lower extremities are elevated 6-12" to help increase blood flow to the brain.
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Midclavicular line |
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Midaxillary |
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Intercostal spaces |
Spaces between ribs (horizontal lines) |
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PT ASSESSMENT: DISTAL |
In relationship to injury, we always do CMS (Circulation, Motor, and Sensory) DISTAL to an injury. |
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PT ASSESSMENT: BILATERAL |
When we oscillate (listen), we always listen to 3 different areas and bilaterally. |