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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Another name for the brainstem
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The reptilian brain
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The three meninges
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Pia, dura, arachnid
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Mnemonic for remembering the Cincinnati stroke scale
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FAST = face; arms; speech; time
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Mnemonic for remembering the Glasgow scale
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EVM = extra value meal = eyes; voice; motor
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Absence seizure
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Seizure that may be characterized by a brief lapse of attention in which the patient may stare and does not respond. Also known as petite mall seizure
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Aphasia
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The inability to understand or produce speech
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Arterial rupture
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Rupture of a cerebral artery that may contribute to interruption of cerebral blood flow
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Atherosclerosis
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A disorder in which cholesterol and calcium buildup inside the walls of blood vessels, forming plaque, which eventually leads to partial or complete blockage of blood flow; lack of this type can also become a state where blood clots can form, break up, and am glad elsewhere in the circulation.
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Aura
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A sensation experienced heart procedure; serves as a warning sign that a seizure is about to occur
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Cerebral embolism
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Extraction of a cerebral artery caused by clots that was formed elsewhere in the body and travel to the brain.
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Cerebral vascular accident
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An interruption of blood flow to the brain that results in the loss of brain function
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Coma
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A state of unconsciousness from which one cannot be roused
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Coup-countercoup brain injury
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A brain injury that occurs when force is applied to the head and energy transmission through brain tissue causes injury on the opposite side of the original impact
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dysarthira
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The inability to pronounce speech clearly, often due to loss of the nerves or brain cells that control the small muscles larynx.
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Expressive aphasia
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A speech disorder in which a person can understand what is being said, but cannot produce the right sounds in order to speak properly
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febrile seizures
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Convulsions that result from sudden high fevers, particularly in children
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Generalized seizure
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Future characterized by severe twitching of all the body's muscles that may last several minutes or more; also known as a grand mal seizure
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hemiparesis
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Weakness on one side of the body
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Hemorrhagic stroke
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One of the two main types of stroke; occurs as a result of bleeding inside the brain
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Hypoglycemia
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A condition characterized by low blood glucose levels
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Incontinence
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Loss of balance blood control due to a generalized seizure
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Infarcted cells
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Cells in the brain that dives result of loss of blood flow to the brain
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Ischemia
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A lack of oxygen in the cells of the brain that cause them not to function properly
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ischemic stroke
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One of the two main types of stroke; occurs when blood flow to a particular part of the brain is cut off by a blockage inside a blood vessel.
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postictal state
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period Following a seizure that last between five and 30 minutes, characterized by labored respiration and some degree of altered mental status
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Receptive aphasia
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A speech disorder which a person has trouble understanding speech was able to speak clearly
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Seizure
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Generalized uncoordinated muscular activity associated with loss of consciousness; a convulsion
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Status epilepticus
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A condition in which seizures recur every few minutes, or last more than 30 minutes.
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Stroke
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A loss of brain function in certain brain cells that do not get enough oxygen during the CVA. Usually caused by the structure of the blood vessels in the brain that the oxygen to those brain cells
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Thrombosis
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Clotting of the cerebral arteries that may result in interruption of cerebral blood flow and subsequent stroke
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tonic-clonic
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A type of seizure that features rhythmic back-and-forth motion of an extremity and body stiffness
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Transient ischemic attack
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A disorder of the brain in which brain cells temporarily stop working because of insufficient oxygen, causing stroke-like symptoms that resolve completely within 24 hours of onset
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What are the top three leading causes of death in the United States in order?
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Heart disease, cancer, stroke
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What does AMS stand for
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Altered mental status
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Define the mnemonic "tips on the vowels"
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TIPS AEIOU= trauma; infection; psychogenic causes; the seizure, syncope; alcohol; electrolytes; insulin; opiates; uremia
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Frontal lobe
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From part of the brain, controls emotion and thought
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Patients who are at high risk for hemorrhagic stroke
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Very high blood pressure or long-term elevated blood pressure that is not treated
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Aneurysms
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Swelling or enlargement of part of an artery, resulting from weakness of the arterial wall.
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A berry aneurysm
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Tiny balloon that jut out from the artery
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The three conditions that may mimic a stroke
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Hypoglycemia; a postictal state; subdural or epidural bleeding
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Dura
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A leathery covering over the brink, next to the skull.
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On which side should you place a stroke patient with paralyzation
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On the paralyzed side
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When alterations should be made to the recovery position for stroke patient
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The patient's head should be elevated about 6 inches to maximize drainage of secretions
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What are the three things that you look for on the Cincinnati stroke scale
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Facial droop; arm drift; speech
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Computed tomography
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A type of scan/x-ray on which blood can be seen
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Characteristics of an absence seizure
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Lip smacking, I blinking, or isolated convulsions or jerking of the body.
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Medications that control seizures
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phenytoin, phenobarbital, or carbamazepine
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Define seizures with a structural cause
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Seizures that are caused by an area of abnormality in the brain, such as a benign or cancerous tumor, an infection, or scar tissue.
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Define seizures, metabolic cause
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Abnormal levels of certain blood chemicals, hypoglycemia, poisons, drug overdoses, or sudden withdrawal from routine heavy alcohol or sedative drug usage, or even prescribed medications.
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Some things you should consider if a patient in a postictal state refuses transport?
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1. Is the patient awake and completely oriented after a seizure? 2. Does your assessment revealed no indication of trauma or publications from the seizure. 3. If the patient never had a seizure before. 4. With this feature the usual seizure in every way. Number five. Patient currently being treated with medications and receiving regular evaluations by physician
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Special questions it to include documentation for seizure
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The description of the episode with bikes in the comments especially if they witnessed the patient seizing. Document the onset and duration of theater. The patient knows her express noticing an aura?
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Various causes of altered mental status
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Hypoglycemia; hypoxemia; intoxication; drug overdose; unrecognized head injury; brain infection; body temperature abnormalities; brain tumors; glandular abnormalities; overdoses/poisonings
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