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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Physical examination
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The process by which quantifiable objective (based on fact or observable) information is obtained from a pt about his or her overall state of health.
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13.4
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Inspection
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Looking at the pt, either in general or at a specific area.
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13.4
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Palpation
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Physical touching for the purpose of obtaining information.
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13.4
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Auscultation
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Listening with stethoscope.
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13.4
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Normally, diastolic pressure should not to to 0 because...
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...peripheral vascular resistance in the anteriolar side of the circulatory system continually provide for a diastolic pressure. The coronary arteries receive blood flow by this mechanism so lower diastolic pressure means less myocardial perfusion.
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13.6
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Pediatric respiration rate should be counted for at least?
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30 seconds
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13.6
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Reasons for inaccurate pulse oximetry reading
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A hypotensive or cold pt, carbon monoxide poisoning, abnormal hemoglobin (ie. sickle cell), vascular dyes, pt motion, and incorrect placement.
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13.6
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Pallor
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Paleness, occurs when RBC perfusion to capillary beds of the skin is poor. Look at the lips and eye conjuctiva.
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13.10
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Cyanosis
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Abnormal bluish-gray skin color, that is caused by reduce levels of oxygen in the blood. Look at skin, more specifically in the fingernail beds, face and lips.
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13.10
13.47 |
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Ecchymosis
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Localized bruising or blood collection within or under the skin. Potential internal hemorrhage.
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13.10
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Three main functions of skin
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Regulates body temp., transmit information from environment to the brain, and protection.
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13.11
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Body's normal reaction to a cold environment
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Constrict blood vessels, shunts blood away from skin to decrease the amount of heat radiated from the body surface, observe as pale skin.
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13.11
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Body's normal reaction to a hot environment
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The vessels in the skin dilate, the skin becomes flush or red, and heat radiates from the body surface. Sweat is secreted, causing energy in the form of body heat to be loss during evaporation process, causing body temp. to fall.
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13.11
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Dilation of the blood vessels allows...
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... heat to dissipate.
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13.11
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Blood vessels constrict result in...
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... retention of heat.
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13.11
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Examination of skin can be better seen in some...
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Where the epidermis is thinnest like fingernails, lips (inner), and conjunctivae. Sometimes useful to examine the palms and soles.
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13.11
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Pale skin is related to __________.
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vasoconstriction.
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13.11
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Where should you assess skin turgor in older pt?
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The skin of the upper cx, as it is much more reliable than the ext.
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13.12
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Mottling
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A blotchy pattern on the skin; a typical finding in states of severe protracted hypoperfusion and shock.
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13.12
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What is the yellowish tent of pt's nail bed?
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Typically found in older pts and is related to reduction in body calcium.
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13.12
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Eye assessment
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Pain or redness, loss of vision, diplopia (double vision), photophobia, blurring, discharge, and corrective lens, abnormal color of conjunctivae (should be pink) and sclera (should be white). Globe is patent?
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13.13
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Pupil size if regulated through what?
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Third cranial nerve, oculomotor nerves.
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13.13
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Asymmetric pupils
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Anisocoria, normal for about 20% population otherwise may signify a severe brain injury.
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13.15
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The middle ear is connected to the nasal cavity by the...
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Eustachian tube, or internal auditory canal. This connection permits equalization of pressure in the middle ear when external atmosphere pressure changes.
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13.17
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S1 and S2
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S1 "lub" sound made by the heart when the mitral and tricuspid valves close at the start of systole.
S2 "Dub" sound made by the heart when the aortic and pulmonic valves close the the end of systole. |
13.25
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Organs located in the Intraperitoneal
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Stomach, proximal duodenum, pancreas, jejunum, ileum, appendix, cecum, transverse colon, sigmoid colon, proximal rectum, liver, gall bladder, spleen, omentum, and female internal genitalia.
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13.27
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Organs located in Extraperitoneal
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Mid and distal duodenum, abdominal aorta, mid and lower rectum, kidneys pancreatic tail, adrenal glands, ureters, renal and gonadal blood vessels, ascennding colon, decending colon, and urinary bladder.
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13.27
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Assess the abdomen for:
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Tenderness, rigidity, swelling, guarding, distention, other keywords are protuberant (bulging out as in obese), and pulsatile.
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13.28-29
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ascites
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A collection of fluid within the peritoneal cavity. The pt's abd may appear markedly distended, and a visible or palpable fluid wave may be evident during exam.
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13.29
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Pain upon release of pressure of the abd confirms...
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rebound tenderness, which is a reliable sign of peritoneal inflammation such as with appendicitis.
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13.29
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hernia
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Localized weakening of the abdominal wall musculature.
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13.29
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Patho vs physio fx
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Patho-Normal forces applied to a abnormal bone causing a fx.
Physio-Abnormal high-force applied to a normal bone causing a fx. |
13.31
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The peripheral vascular system comprises all aspects of the circulatory system outside of the...
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mediastinum.
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13.35
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Korotkoff sounds
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Sounds related to blood pressure that are heard by stethoscope.
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13.47
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The 5 Ps for arterial insufficiency:
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Pain, Pallor, Parasthesias/Paresis, Poikilothermia (inability to maintain a constant core body temp. independent of ambient temp.), and Pulselessness (very bad, late sign).
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13.36
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Lordosis
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Abnormal curvature of the spine in which with inward curve of the lumbar spine just above the buttocks.
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13.36
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Kyphosis
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Abnormal curvature of the spine with outward curve of the thoracic spine.
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13.36
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Scoliosis
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Abnormal curvature of the spine with sideways curvature of the spine.
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13.38
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Test cranial nerve I
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Olfactory
Check smell |
13.41
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Test cranial nerve II
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Optic
Check visual acuity |
13.41
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Test cranial nerve III
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Oculomotor
Check pupil size, shape, symmetry, response to light, eye movement |
13.41
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Test cranial nerve IV
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Trochlear
Check eye movement |
13.41
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Check cranial nerve V
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Trigeminal
Check jaw clench, touch both sides of face at forehead, cheeks, jaws |
13.41
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Check cranial nerve VI
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Abducent
Check eye movement |
13.41
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Check cranial nerve VII
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Facial
Check facial symmetry; look for abnormal mevements; raise eyebrows, grin broadly, frown, shut eyes tightly, puff out cheeks, note any asymmetry |
13.41
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Check cranial nerve VIII
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Vestibulocochlear
Check hearing and balance |
13.41
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Check cranial nerve IX and X
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Glossopharyngeal and Vagus
Check swallowing; perform general physical exam |
13.41
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Check cranial nerve XI
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Spinal accessory
Check shoulder shrug; turn head from left to right and back |
13.41
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Check cranial nerve XII
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Hypoglossal
Check swallowing; turn head from left to right and back |
13.41
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Children do better be exam from
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toe to head.
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13.44
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rubor
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Redness; one of the classic signs of inflammation.
A response of body tissues to injury or irritation; characterized by pain and swelling and redness and heat. |
13.48
Second definition from www.thefreedictionary.com/rubor |
