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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
This body part consists of nephrons that remove wastes, regulate water and elctrolytes concentration in body fluids; glomerulus is site of urine formation - filters water, glucose, amino acids, urea, uric acid, creatinine and electrolytes but 99% is reabsorbed into the plasma -
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KIDNEYS
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Attached to each kidney and carries urine to the bladder
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URETERS
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This body part is the reservoir for urine, when empty rests behind symphysis pubis - in males against the rectum, females against anterior wall of uterus and vagina; full bladder rises above the symphysis pubis and can be palpated.
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BLADDER
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Urine travels to the outside of the body from the bladder to the meatus via the _________.
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URETHRA
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What 3 words are used for the process by which urine is expelled from the bladder.
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Urination
Micturation Voiding |
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This results from impaired bladder function, obstructed flow, and inability to control flow -
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Disturbances in Micturation
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This type of retention is due to accumulation in the bladder due to inability to empty -
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Urinary Retention
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Microorganisms present in the tract cause this type of infection -
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Urinary tract infection
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Loss of control over voiding is known as -
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Urinary Incontinence
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A surgical diversion of the urine from a diseased or dysfunctional bladder is known as ___________ diversions-
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Urinary
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Internal pouch is formed and patient inserts catheter to drain urine is a __________ diversion.
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Continent
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When ureters are brought to the surface of the abdomen; a collecting devise must be worn and is known as ________ diversion.
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Incontinent
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Name two blood tests used to test urine -
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BUN - blood urea nitrogen
Creatinine |
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This is a screening test for renal disease, metabolic disorders, lower urinary tract alterations, fluid imbalances; done on most patients -
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Urinalysis
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This urinalysis is done on urine that is relatively free of micro-organisms -
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Clean-Voided or Midstream Specimen
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This type of test is done when catheterizing or by withdrawing urine from an indwelling catheter; needed for culture and sensitivity -
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Sterile specimen
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Name one type of 24 hour specimen urine test -
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Creatinine-Clearance
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This type of x-ray is called a plain film, flat plate or KUB -
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Abdominal x-ray
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What type of test visualizes renal tissue and pelvis, outines ureters, kidneys, bladder and urethra -
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Intravenous Pyelogram (IVP)
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This test is used to detect tumors, obstuctions and masses -
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CT
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This test is used to look at renal anatomy, and abnormal structures -
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Renal Ultrasound
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This test is done by a physician with a scope inserted through the urethra for visualization and inspection
-may also pass a small catheter into the ureters and renal pelvis -may collect urine specimens from ureters. |
Cystoscopy
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This test is done to visualize the vascular supply to the kidneys -
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Arteriogram
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This type of biopsy is done to
-diagnose causes of renal disease and detect malignancy -to evaluate rejection post transplant -biopsy needle is placed through the chest wall into renal parenchyma |
Renal
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This test is done to
-visualize how the bladder empties and fills -helps R/O causes of incontinence -a catheter is inserted & bladder is filled with air or dye -catheter is clamped and films taken -then catheter is removed -patient voids while films are taken |
Cystogram
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If urine color is pale - straw color to amber it is considered -
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normal
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If urine color is bright red -
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bleeding from bladder or urethra
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If urine color is dark red
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bleeding from ureters or kidney
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If urine color is dark amber -
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concentrated urine
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If urine color is dark brown
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indicates presence of billirubin
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If urine clarity is transparent
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normal
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If urine clarity is cloudy -
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presence of WBC's
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If urine has some odor -
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it's normal
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If urine has strong odor it means -
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may indicate concentration, ammonia smell is from stegnant urine, sweet or fruity is acetone
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List some factors that effect urinary elimination -
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stress fluid intake
privacy immobility relaxation medications medication processess positioning |
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This type of catheter is a single use and is inserted to drain the bladder, remains in the bladder short time -
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Intermittent
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This type of catheter is single use and is inserted & remains in the bladder indefinitely -
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Indwelling
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This type of catheter is inserted surgically into the bladder throught the abdominal wall -
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Suprapubic
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This type of catheter is used for incontenance if able to empty bladder, attaches to penis similarily to a prophylactic condom, has a collection bag -
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Condom
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-Required to reduce risk of infection
-Insertion site should be cleansed, perineal care is provided q 8 hours -Observe meatus for inflammation, swelling, discharge, noting amount, color, consistency of drainage -keep catheter taped to thigh, secured to bed linen, no kinks, collection bag below level of bladder |
Catheter Care
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Remove catheter asap to avoid -
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infection
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