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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What does EKG stand for?
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Electrocardiogram
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What is resting membrane potential?
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difference in electrical charge between teh inside and outside of their cell membrane
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What is electromyogram, EMG?
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Signals from skeletal muscles
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What is an electroencephalogram, EEG?
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Signals frm the brain
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What is electrocardiogram, ECG or EKG?
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Signals from the heart muscle
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Electorcardiograms have a repeating pattern of three waves called...
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P Wave
QRS complex T Wave |
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What causes the P Wave?
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small upward deflection resulting from the depolarization of the atria
-precedes the contractions of the atria |
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What depolarizes the atria?
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The pacemaker cells in the SA Node (Sinoatrial).
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What causes the QRS Complex?
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corresponds to the depolarization of the ventricles.
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What causes the T Wave?
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results from the electrical repolarization of the ventricles
-precedes the relaxation of the ventricles. |
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What does Lead I record?
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Flow of electricity from Right to Left Arm
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What does the Lead II record?
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Flow of electricity from right arm to left leg
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What does the Lead III record?
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Flow of electricity from Left arm to left leg.
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What is another name for blood pressure cup?
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Sphygmomanometer
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What are the Korotkoff sounds?
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turbulent flow of blood as it hits the sides of artery.
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What is the main purpose of the Korotkoff sounds?
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To hear the sounds for a Systolic pressure and Diastolic pressure.
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At rest, the myocardial cell membranes exhipbit a charge distributin called the_______.
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Resting Membrane Potential
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The wave of excitation which sweeps the heart initiating contraction is started by the __________.
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SA Node
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The term for the reversal in membrane polarity from negative inside to positive inside is called___________.
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Depolarization
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Depolarization of the atria results in the ___wave on an EKG.
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P Wave
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In Lead II, the positive electrode is attached to the __________.
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Left Leg
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Which wave of the EKG preceds the ventricular systole?
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QRS Wave
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The amplitue of an EKG wave reflects the intensity of the charge (mass of myocardium) and ismeasured in ___________.
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Millivolts
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The duration of a wave is a measure of _____ and is expressed in __________.
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Time ; seconds
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The T wave occurs just before what happens in the heart?
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Repolarization / Diastole
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EKGs are normall recorded at a paper speed of _________, at this rate each millimeter is equivalent to ________seconds.
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10mm; MV
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Which lead is normally always inverted?
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AVR- (Augmented Vector Right) Right arm positive
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Which leads are used to determine if there is an axis deviation?
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AVF & Lead I
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How is systolic pressure measured?
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force exerted by the blood against teh walls of the arteries when the heart is CONTRACTED.
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What factors are there about Diastole?
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period in the cardiac cycle when the heart is RELAXED and filling with blood.
-maintained by the elastic recoil of the arteries |
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How is diastolic pressure measured?
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measure of peripheral resistance and gives information about the condition of peripheral vessels.
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What is Arteriosclerosis and cause?
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~hardening of the arteries
~increased diastolic pressure at rest above 95 mmHg |
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Shock~in terms of blood pressure stands for
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Distolic pressure is insufficient to maintain capillary flow through the brain.
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What is used to listen on the heart at the surface of a chest?
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Stethoscope
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What is Extreme Right Axis Deviation?
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Both Lead I and AVF deviate downward.
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What is Right Axis Deviation?
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Lead I points downward
AVF points upward. |
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What is Left Axis Deviation?
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Leat I points upward
AVF points downward |
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What is Normal?
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Lead I points upward
AVF points upward |
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What is the P-Q (P-R) interval?
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time between the beginning of the P wave and the beginning of the QRS wave.
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What is a S-T segment?
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begins at the end of the S wave and ends at the beginning of the T wave
(time between the end of Ventricular depolarization & their repolarization) |
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What will cause changes in the S-T segment and also alter the S-T internval?
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~Lack of oxygen to the mycoardium (ischemia)
~Death of the heart tissue (infarction) |
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What happens when there is an increase in the internval of P-Q.
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Scarring or inflammation of the conducting tissue (heart block)
~slows down impulse travel |
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When heart rate increases during exercise what happens to the P-Q(P-R) intervals.
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They shorten.
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What is the Q-T interval?
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time required for the entire electrical activity of the ventricle
(beginning of depolarization and end of repolarization) |
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What can cause an affect on the duration of the Q-T internval?
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Changes in the blood calcium levels
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An interval includes a wave, a segment does not.
True or False |
True
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One vertical millimeter on the paper then is equivalent to ______ millivolt.
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0.1
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If the ventricles are large, the R will be of _______ amplitude.
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High
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Enlargement of the ___ wave outside normal range indicates ________ of atria.
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P/enlargement.
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Each small 1 mm box is equivalent to ____ seconds on the horizontal.
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0.4
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