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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
A theory
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an abstraction that allows us to make sense out of a large number of facts related to an issue
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Performance Model
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This Model indicates that a person's performance (P) depends on the interaction of motivation (M), KSAs, and environment.
(P=MxKSAxE) |
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Cognitive Structure
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memory and thinking systems
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Environment
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The physical surroundings in which performance must occur, including barriers and aids to performance
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Motivation
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The direction, persistence, and amount of effort expended by an individual to achieve a specific outcome.
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Needs Theory (ERG Theory)
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Clayton Aldeffer designed this theory of motivation based on existence needs, relatedness needs and growth needs and how each is necessary to create motivation.
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Existence needs
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Maslow's lower order physiological and security needs. Immediate needs to retain life. (food, shelter etc.)
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Relatedness needs
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The need to be valued and accepted by others
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Growth needs
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Feelings of self worth and competency and achieving our potential.
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Process Theories
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descriptions of how a person's needs translate into action.
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Classical conditioning
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The association of a generalized response to some signal in the environment.
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Reinforcement Theory
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Behavior followed by satisfying experiences tends to be repeated, and behavior followed by annoyance or dissatisfaction tends to be avoided.
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Operant Conditioning
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Stimulus, a persons response to that stimulus and the consequences, positive or negative.
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Positive Reinforcement
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When your behavior results in something desirable (tangible, psychological, or a combination of the two.
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Negative Reinforcement
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When your behavior results in removing something you find annoying, frustrating or unpleasant.
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Punishment
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When your behavior results in something undesirable happening to you.
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Expectancy Theory
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This theory describes the cognitive processes involved in deciding the best course of action for achieving our goals.
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Cognitive Process
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A mental activity such as information storage, retrieval or use.
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Cognition
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The term used to refer to the mental processing of information.
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Accommodation
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The process of changing our construction of the world to correspond with our experience in it.
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Assimilation
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The incorporation of new experience into existing categories.
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Learning
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A relatively permanent change in cognition resulting from experience and directly influencing behavior.
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Cognitive Structure
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memory and thinking systems
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Environment
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The physical surroundings in which performance must occur, including barriers and aids to performance
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Motivation
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The direction, persistence, and amount of effort expended by an individual to achieve a specific outcome.
|
|
Needs Theory (ERG Theory)
|
Clayton Aldeffer designed this theory of motivation based on existence needs, relatedness needs and growth needs and how each is necessary to create motivation.
|
|
Existence needs
|
Maslow's lower order physiological and security needs. Immediate needs to retain life. (food, shelter etc.)
|
|
Relatedness needs
|
The need to be valued and accepted by others
|
|
Growth needs
|
Feelings of self worth and competency and achieving our potential.
|
|
Process Theories
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descriptions of how a person's needs translate into action.
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Classical conditioning
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The association of a generalized response to some signal in the environment.
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Reinforcement Theory
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Behavior followed by satisfying experiences tends to be repeated, and behavior followed by annoyance or dissatisfaction tends to be avoided.
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Operant Conditioning
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A response to stimuli leading to a good or bad consequences.
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positive reinforcement
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When your behavior results in something desirable happening to you (tangible, psychological or a combination of the two)
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Negative reinforcement
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When your behavior results in removing something you find annoying, frustrating or unpleasant.
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Punishment
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Decreases the likelihood of the response occurring in the future.
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Expectancy theory
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Describes the cognitive processes involved in deciding the best course of action for achieving our goals.
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cognitive process
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A mental activity such as information storage retrieval or use.
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Valence
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An outcome's subjective value.
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self-efficacy
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Feelings about our own competency.
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Cognition
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The term used to refer to the mental processing of information.
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Accommodation
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The process of changing our construction of the world to correspond with our experience in it.
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Assimilation
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The incorporation of new experience into existing categories.
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learning
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A relatively permanent change in cognition resulting from experience and directly influencing behavior.
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Social Learning Theory
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Events and consequences in the learning situation are cognitively processed before they are learned or influence behavior.
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Anticipatory Learning
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When a person learns what consequences are associated with a behavior (or set of behaviors) without actually engaging in the behavior and receiving the consequences.
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Attention
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Becoming focused on particular objects and events in the environment (stimuli).
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Retention
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The second step of learning where a person remembers some of the stimuli from giving their attention
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Symbolic Coding
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The initial phase of retention. Translation of the information into symbols meaningful to the individual.
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Cognitive Organization
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Organizing the symbols (see symbolic coding) into the cognitive structure through associations with previously stored information.
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symbolic rehearsal
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The process of "practicing" the learned material through visualizing or imagining how the knowledge or skill will be used.
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Behavioral Reproduction
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Repeated Practice.
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Micro Theory of Instructional Design
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A guide for designing training events to achieve the learning outcomes (KSAs) that you want to create.
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Motivation to Learn
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The intensity and persistence of the trainee's learning-directed activities related to the content of the training program.
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Resistance to learning
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Factors that cause a lack of ability to learn certain subjects. (Ex. Lack of KSAs, lack of motivation etc.)
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Peer Support
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encouragement and assistance that trainees receive from their coworkers.
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Group Dynamics
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The power and control of the groups over its members.
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Cognitive Ability
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Individual differences in information-processing capacity and the level of cognitive resources that a person can bring to bear on a problem
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Goal setting
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Setting your goals for the future (short term and long terms)
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KSA Base
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A base of KSAs that help in processing and using information better
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Anxiety
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A heightened state of arousal related to feelings of apprehension or fear.
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Goal Orientation
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The degree to which an individual is predisposed toward either a "learning orientation" or a "performance orientation."
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