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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Anticline
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upcurved fold in rock layers in which the oldest layer is the center of the fold
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compression
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stress that squeezes crustal rocks together
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deformation
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bending, tilting, and breaking of the Earth's crust
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dome mountain
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landform created when molten rock pushes up rock layers on the Earth's surface and the layers then are worn away in places, leaving separate high peaks
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fault
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break in rock along which rocks on either side of the break move
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fault plane
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surface of a fault along which movement of rocks occurs
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fault-block mountain
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mountain formed where faulting breaks the Earth's crust into large blocks that become tilted, causing some blocks to drop down relative to other blocks
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folded mountain
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landform created when tectonic movements bend and uplift rock layers
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folding
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permanent deformation or bending of a rock under stress
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footwall
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in a nonvertical fault, the rock below the fault plane
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fracture
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break in rock along which there is no movement
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graben
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long, narrow valley formed by faulting and downward slippage of a crustal block
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hanging wall
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in a nonvertical fault, the rock above the fault plane
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isostacy
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balancing of the forces pressing up and down on the Earth's crust
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isostatic adjustment
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up-and-down movements of the Earth's crust to reach isostasy
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monocline
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a fold in rock layers in which both limbs remain horizontal
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mountain belt
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group of large mountain systems
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mountain range
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group of adjacent mountains with the same general shape and structure
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mountain system
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group of adjacent mountain ranges
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normal fault
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fault in which the hanging wall moves down relative to the footwall
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plateau
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large area of flat-topped rocks high above sea level
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reverse fault
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fault in which the hanging wall moves up relative to the footwall
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shearing
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stress that pushes rocks in opposite horizontal direction
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stress
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the amount of force per unit area that is placed on a given material
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strike-slip fault
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fault in which the rock on either side of a fault plane slides horizontally
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syncline
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downcurved fold in rock layers in which the youngest layer is in the center
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tension
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stress that pulls rocks apart
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thrust fault
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type of reverse fault in which the fault plane is nearly horizontal rather than vertical
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volcanic mountain
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mountain formed when molten rock erupts onto the Earth's surface
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