Earth Science Unit Test 3

Front 1

catastrophism is, and concludes that....

Back 1

is landscape that developed by catastrophies
concludes that earth was only a few thousand years old

Front 2

What is uniformitarianism?

Back 2

It states that the "present is the key to the past."

Front 3

What is relative dating?

Back 3

Placeing rocks and events in sequence, not with dates.

Front 4

Law of superposition?

Back 4

oldest rocks are on the bottem, younger rocks are on top.

Front 5

Original Horizontality?

Back 5

Rock layers are naturally deposited horizontally.

Front 6

Principal of cross-cutting relationships.

Back 6

Younger features cut through older features.

Front 7

An unconformity is....

Back 7

a break in the rock record caused by tectonic activity, then erosion, and then deposition again.

Front 8

When you see an unconformity you know that....

Back 8

there are parts of the rock record missing

Front 9

Correlation is....

Back 9

matching rocks of different regions based on similar ages.

Front 10

Rocks are correlated by

Back 10

index fossils, color, type of rock, or groups of fossils

Front 11

Petrified fossil

Back 11

cavities and pores are filled with precipitated mineral matter

Front 12

Formed by replacement

Back 12

– cell material is removed and replaced with mineral matter

Front 13

Mold

Back 13

– shell or other structure is buried and then dissolved by underground water

Front 14

Cast

Back 14

– hollow space of a mold is filled with mineral matter

Front 15

Carbonization

Back 15

– organic matter becomes a thin residue of carbon

Front 16

Impression

Back 16

– replica of the fossil's surface preserved in fine-grained sediment

Front 17

Preservation in amber –

Back 17

hardened resin of ancient trees surrounds an organism

Front 18

Trace fossils are....(NOT what kinds are there)

Back 18

Fossils that show indirect evidence of life.

Front 19

Kinds of trace fossils are..

Back 19

burrows, tracks, coprolites, gastroliths.

Front 20

Coprolite is..

Back 20

fossil dung and animal stomach contents

Front 21

Gastroliths

Back 21

– stomach stones used to grind food by some extinct reptiles

Front 22

Conditions favoring preservation are...

Back 22

hard parts, and rapid burrial

Front 23

Index fossils are.....

Back 23

fossils that appeared over a wide spread area but only for a short amount of geologic time.

Front 24

The two eons were...

Back 24

Precambrian, Phanerozoic

Front 25

The phanerozoic eon started because....

Back 25

life started to appear

Front 26

The 3 parts of the Precambrian from oldest to youngest were...

Back 26

Hadean, Archean, Proterozoic

Front 27

The 3 eras of the Phanerozoic from oldest to youngest are...

Back 27

Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic

Front 28

What are eras divided into?

Back 28

Periods

Front 29

What are Periods divided into?

Back 29

Epochs

Front 30

Limestone suggests what about the history of that time?

Back 30

deep water

Front 31

Sandstone suggests what about the history of that time?

Back 31

Fast moving water-shoreline, fast moving stream. Or a windy desert.

Front 32

Shale suggests what about the history of that time?

Back 32

Lake/water that is not moving, can be in oceans off shore.

Front 33

Coal suggests what about the history of that time?

Back 33

swamp

Front 34

Conglomerate suggests what about the hisotry of that time?

Back 34

fast moving stream, glacial deposit,coastline.

Front 35

What igneous rock cools deep underground?

Back 35

Granite, it is large grained

Front 36

What igneous rocks cooled fast at the surface

Back 36

basalt, rhyolite, fine grained

Front 37

What igneous rock formed rapidly in the air?

Back 37

Obsidian, and pumice, glassy

Front 38

And angular unconformity is when.....

Back 38

two rocks with at different angles form on top of each other. ex) an angled rock forms at the bottem, and regular rock forms on top

Front 39

What creates valleys?

Back 39

Weathering and erosion

Front 40

Why do sea levels change?

Back 40

Glaical melting, and techtonic activity-rising and falling of land around it.

Front 41

What kind of rock does a fossil have to be in?

Back 41

sedimentary

Front 42

Transgression is...

Back 42

when oceans are getting deeper and moving onto shore.

Front 43

Regression is...

Back 43

oceans getting shallower and moving off shore.

Front 44

heated sandstone gets....

Back 44

quartzite

Front 45

Heated limestone gets....

Back 45

marble

Front 46

What metamorphic rocks are foliated?(meaning organiztion of minerals)

Back 46

gneiss, micha shist, slate

Front 47

What metamorphic rocks are non-foliated(meaning no organization of minerals)

Back 47

marble, anthrosite, coal, quartzite

Front 48

Sedimentary rocks are classified into two groups...

Back 48

clastic(made of rock/minderal sediment)
and non clastic(non rock sediment)

Front 49

What sedimentary rocks are clastic?

Back 49

conglomerate, sandstone, shale, and siltstone.

Front 50

What sedimentary rocks are non-clastic?

Back 50

halite, lithographic, coquina, chalk, fossiliferous, and coal.

Front 51

What epoch do we live in?

Back 51

Holocene

Front 52

What is a disconformity?

Back 52

When a long time passes with out depistiion, and erosion happened, then deposition resumed.