Earth Science Final

Front 1

What is the first part in the rock cycle?

Back 1

The mantle of the earth's crust melts and the magma cools and solidifies

Front 2

What does the cooled magma form?

Back 2

Igneous rock

Front 3

What does the igneous rock do in the rock cycle?

Back 3

Deposits as weathering breaks down rock that is transported

Front 4

What do the deposited rock form?

Back 4

Sediment

Front 5

What process do the deposits go through after producing sediment?

Back 5

Lithification and the sediment will either compact or cement to form sedimentary rock

Front 6

What happens to the sedimentary rock in the cycle?

Back 6

It gets buried deep in the crust and the heat pressure (stress) of being buried deep down causes it to become metamorphic rock.

Front 7

What is the last step in the rock cycle?

Back 7

The metamorphc rock goes back into the mantle and becomes magma if rocks melt beneath the surface and now that magma is regenerated in Earth's crust the process can occur all over again

Front 8

What are the three groups of rocks?

Back 8

Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic

Front 9

How do igneous rock form?

Back 9

When crystallization occurs beneath the surface or after a volcanic eruption

Front 10

What type of igneous rock is a molten rock generated by partial melting of Earth's mantle?

Back 10

magma

Front 11

What is extrusive igneous rock?

Back 11

The rocks that form when molten rock solidifies at the surface

Front 12

What is intrusive?

Back 12

The igneous rocks that form below the surface

Front 13

How can you tell extrusive rocks?

Back 13

They have a small-grained texture

Front 14

What type of texture do intrusive rocks have?

Back 14

course-grained

Front 15

What is a course-grained type rock?

Back 15

Granite (intrusive)

Front 16

What is a fine-grained type rock?

Back 16

Rhyolite (extrusive)

Front 17

What does felsic mean?

Back 17

light colored rocks that contain silicates such as feldspar and quartz

Front 18

What is a felsic type rock?

Back 18

Granite

Front 19

What does mafic mean?

Back 19

The rocks that contain the dark-colored minerals and have a more basaltic composition

Front 20

What is a type of mafic rock?

Back 20

Basalt, it is a dark green black volcanic rock

Front 21

What is the most abundant characteristic of sedimentary rocks that form at Earth's surface?

Back 21

Layer upon layer of sediment accumulate, that records the nature of the environment at the time the sediment was deposited.

Front 22

What is the term for the layers of sedimentary rock that form at earth's surface?

Back 22

Strata

Front 23

What are important traces found in sedimentary rocks?

Back 23

Fossils-have traces of prehistoric life that help to answer questions about the environment

Front 24

What type of sedimentary rock fizzes with hydrochloric acid?

Back 24

Calcite

Front 25

What is the hardest cemented sediment?

Back 25

Silica

Front 26

How can you tell iron oxide is present in a sedimentary rock?

Back 26

If there is a orange or red found in it

Front 27

How are metamorphic rocks formed?

Back 27

From pre-existing igneous, sedimentary or other metamorphic rocks

Front 28

What is metamorphism?

Back 28

they change form either through texture, mineralogy, and often chemical composition

Front 29

What does metamorphism respond to?

Back 29

to changes in temperature, pressure, and the introduction of chemically active fluids

Front 30

When does metarmophism stop changing?

Back 30

Until it reaches equilibrium with environment

Front 31

What does foliated mean?

Back 31

The crystals of some minerals will recrystallize with a preferred orientation and when they become foliated the texture of the metamorphic have a layered appearance because the minerals are bought into a parallel alignment

Front 32

What is non foliated?

Back 32

These metamorphic rocks are generally only composed of one mineral

Front 33

What is an example of non foliated?

Back 33

Limestone is pure because it is only composed of calcite

Front 34

What are two types of foliated rocks?

Back 34

Slate and Gneiss

Front 35

What is slate composed of?>

Back 35

it is a very fine-grained foliated rock made up of small mica flakes

Front 36

how can you tell a rock is slate?

Back 36

It splits easily into flat slabs

Front 37

How is slate made?

Back 37

From low-grade metamorphism of shale

Front 38

What is Gneiss?

Back 38

Banded metamorphic rock that have mostly elongated and granular minerals

Front 39

What are the most common minerals in Gneiss?

Back 39

Quartz and feldspar, you can see both dark and light silicates in gneiss

Front 40

What are two non-foliated metamorphic rocks?

Back 40

Marble and quartzite

Front 41

What is marble made from?

Back 41

It is a coarse crystalline rock whose parent rock is limestone

Front 42

what is marble composed of?

Back 42

Large interlocking calcite crystals which form from recrystallization of smaller grains in parent rock

Front 43

What is a special characteristic of limestone that gives marble its color?

Back 43

Contain different impurities which color the marble either, pink, grey, green or even black

Front 44

What is the major difference between quartzite and marble?

Back 44

Quartzite is much harder than marble and is form from quartz sandstone

Front 45

what happens to the quartz grains in sandstone under moderate-high grade metamorphism?

Back 45

They fuse

Front 46

What are the differences in color in quartzite?

Back 46

Pure quartzite is white, but sometimes if redish or pinkish stains appear then iron oxide must be present