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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Public policy
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government plan to solve a problem that people share collectively
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redistributive policies
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attempt to shift wealth from the "haves" to "have-nots"
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regulatory policies
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designed to restrict or change the behavior of certain groups or individuals
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social policies
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distributive and redistributive policies that seek to improve the quality of citizen's lives
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social welfare policies
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government programs that provide for the needs of those who cannot
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means-tested programs
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where beneficiaries must prove that they lack the necessary means to provide for themselves
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social insurance programs
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offer benefits in exchange for contributions made by citizens to offset future economic need
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social security
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provides what is essentially a guaranteed pension for workers
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entitlement program
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means that benefits must be paid to people who are entitled to receive them
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social security act
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guaranteed pensions for older Americans included a program called Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) so no child would go hungry in America
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Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF)
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gave states greater control over how they spend their money but caps the amount that the federal government will pay for welfare
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Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)
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provides low-income families with vouchers to purchase food
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medicare
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extended health care coverage to virtually all Americans who are over sixty five, disabled, or suffering from permanent kidney failure
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medicaid
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federally sponsored program that provided free medical care to the poor
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subsidies
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financial incentives such as cash grants, tax deductions, or price supports given by the government to corporations, individuals, or other governments to encourage certain activities or behaviors
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economic policy
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addresses the problem of economic security for society
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fiscal policy
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government's power to tax and spend
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balanced budget
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in which government spends no more money than it brings in through taxes and revenues
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deficits
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shortfalls due to government spending more in a year than it takes in
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surpluses
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extra funds because government revenues are greater than its expenditures
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monetary policy
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regulates the economy by controlling the money supply by manipulating interest rates
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interest rates
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take money out of circulation
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Federal Reserve System
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controls the money supply
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progressive taxes
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means that people with higher incomes not only pay more taxes but they also pay at a higher rate
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regressive taxes
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taxes with a fixed percentage; poor people pay more than the wealthy
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capital gains tax
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tax levied on the returns that people earn from capital investments
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flat tax
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where people would pay the same percentage of their incomes, regardless of how much they make
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consumption tax
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national sales tax that applies to state taxes
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value-added tax (VAT)
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where tax is implemented at the point of sale, it's levied at each stage of production
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deregulation
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removal of excessive regulations in order to provide economic efficiency
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foreign policy
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official U.S. policy designed to solve problems that take place between us and actors outside our borders
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isolutionism
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where Americans should put themselves and their problems first and no interfere in global concerns
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interventionism
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where we engage in shaping global environment and intervene to shape events in order to keep the republic safe
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intergovernmental organizations
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bodies that have countries as members such as the United Nations (192), NATO (26), Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) (12), EU (27)
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nongovernmental organizations (NGO)
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organizations that focus on specific issues and whose members are private individuals or groups from around the world
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multinational corporations
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large companies that do business in multiple countries and wield tremendous economic power
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crisis policy
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deals with emergency threats to our national interests or values
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strategic policy
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lays out the basic U.S. stance toward another country or a particular problem
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structural defense policy
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focuses largely on the policies and programs that deal with defense spending and military bases
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Cold War
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bitter global competition between democracy and authoritarianism, capitalism, and communism between U.S. and Soviet Union
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Containment
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when U.S. tried to prevent the Soviet Union from expanding its influence
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Bush Doctrine
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joined a long list of presidential foreign policy doctrines that have tried to define and protect U.S. interests in the world
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National Security Council (NSC)
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president's inner circle
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Department of State
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manages foreign affairs
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Department of Defense
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manages American soldiers and their equipment in order to protect the U.S.
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Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS)
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consists of senior military officers of the armed forces
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Intelligence community
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collect, organize and analyze information
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Director of National Intelligence
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coordinates the entire network of agencies
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