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77 Cards in this Set
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Aerosol
Wilkins Ch 2 |
Aerosol:
an artificially generated collection of particles suspended in air |
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Microbial aerosol
Wilkins Ch 2 |
Microbial aerosol:
(1) suspension of particles in the air that consists partially or wholly of microorganisms; (2) it may be capable of causing an infection |
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Anergy
Wilkins Ch 2 |
Anergy
(1) diminished reactivity to specific antigen(s); (2) inability to react to skin-test antigen (even if person is infected with the organism tested) because of immunosuppression. |
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Antibody
Wilkins Ch 2 |
Antibody
(1) a soluble protein molecule produced and secreted by body cells in response to an antigen (2) it is capable of binding to that specific antigen |
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Antigen
Wilkins Ch 2 |
Antigen
a substance that is capable, under appropriate conditions, of including a specific immune response and of reacting with the products of that response, that is, with the specific antibody |
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Carrier
Wilkins Ch 2 |
Carrier
a persons who harbors a specific infectious agent in the absence of discernible clinical disease and serves as a potential source of infection, The carrier state may be temporary, transient, or chronic |
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Asymptomatic Carrier
Wilkins Ch 2 |
Asymptomatic Carrier
(1) an individual who harbors pathogenic organisms without clinically recognizable symptoms; (2)a carrier may infect those he/she contacts |
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CDCP
Wilkins Ch 2 |
CDCP
United States "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" |
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CFU
Wilkins Ch 2 |
CFU
colony forming unit |
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Communicable period of a disease
Wilkins Ch 2 |
Communicable period of a disease
the time during which an infectious agent may be transferred directly or indirectly from an infected person to another person (2) the communicable period may include or overlap the incubation period |
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Droplet
(Wilkins Ch 2) |
Droplet
diminutive drop, such as the particles of moisture expelled (1) while coughing (2) Sneezing (3) speaking that may be carry infections agents |
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ELISA or EIA
(Wilkins Ch 2) |
ELISA or EIA
(1) an "Enzyme Linked Immunosorbant Assay" (2) a laboratory test to detect antibody in the blood serum |
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Western blot (WB)
(Wilkins Ch 2) |
Western blot (WB)
(1) a laboratory test for antibody that is more specific than EIA (2) and is used to to validate seropositive reactions to the EIA |
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Endemic
(Wilkins Ch 2) |
Endemic
the constant presence of a disease or infectious gent within a geographic area |
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Epidemic
(Wilkins Ch 2) |
Epidemic
(1) the widespread occurrence of cases of an illness in a community or region (2) GREATER than the expected # of cases for the particular population |
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Fomite (or fomes)
(Wilkins Ch 2) |
Fomite (or fomes) ***
an inanimate object or material on which disease-producing agents (microorganisms) may be conveyed |
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HCP & DHCP
(Wilkins Ch 2) |
HCP & DHCP
HCP = "Health Care Personnel" DHCP = "Dental Health Care Personnel" |
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Healthcare-associated infection
(Wilkins Ch 2) |
Healthcare-associated infection
(1) an infection associated with or acquired during a medical or surgical intervention (2) replaces "nosocomial" |
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Nosocomial
(Wilkins Ch 2) |
Nosocomial
is limited to an ADVERSE infectious outcome occurring in a hospital |
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Immunity
(Wilkins Ch 2) |
Immunity
(1) the RESISTANCE that a person has against disease; (2) it may be NATURAL or ACQUIRED |
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Passive Immunity
(Wilkins Ch 2) |
Passive Immunity
short-duration immunity (1) either NATURALLY attained by transplacental transfer from the mother (2) or ARTIFICIALLY acquired by inoculation of specific protective antibiodies |
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Active Immunity
(Wilkins Ch 2) |
Active Immunity
immunity either (1) NATURALLY attained by infection, with or w/o clinical manifestations (2) or ARTIFICIALLY acquired by inoculation of the agent in a killed, modified or variant form; (3) in response-the body produces its own antibodies (usually last years) |
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Incubation Period
(Wilkins Ch 2) |
Incubation Period
the time interval between the INITIAL CONTACT with an infectious agent and the APPEARANCE of the first clinical sign, or symptom of the disease. |
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Infection
(Wilkins Ch 2) |
Infection
a state caused by the: (1) invasion (2) development (3) multiplication of an infectious agent into the body |
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Primary Infection
(Wilkins Ch 2) |
Primary Infection
(1) FIRST TIME (2) No preexisting antibodies |
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Latent Infection
(Wilkins Ch 2) |
Latent Infection
(1) Persistent infection FOLLOWING a primary infection (2) in which a causative agent REMAINS inactive within certain cells |
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Recurrent infection
(Wilkins Ch 2) |
Recurrent infection
Symptomatic REACTIVATION of a "latent infection" |
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Infectious Agent
(Wilkins Ch 2) |
Infectious Agent
organism capable of PRODUCING an INFECTION |
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Jaundice
(Wilkins Ch 2) |
Jaundice
YELLOWNESS of (1) skin (2) sclerae (3) muscous membranes (4) and excretions due to "hyperbilirubinema" and deposition of bile pigments (Also called "icterus") |
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Microbiota
(Wilkins Ch 2) |
Microbiota
the MICROSCOPIC living organisms of a region |
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Pandemic
(Wilkins Ch 2) |
Pandemic
WIDESPREAD EPIDEMIC usually affecting the population of (1) an extensive region (2) several countries (3) or sometimes an entire globe |
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Parenteral
(Wilkins Ch 2) |
Parenteral
INJECTION by a route other than alimentary tract such as: (1) subcutaneous (2) intramuscular (3) or intravenous |
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Parotitis
(Wilkins Ch 2) |
Parotitis
INFLAMMATION of the "parotid gland" |
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Pathogen
(Wilkins Ch 2) |
Pathogen
(1) a VIRUS (2) or other microorganism, (3) or other substance that causes disease |
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Opportunistic pathogen
(Wilkins Ch 2) |
Opportunistic pathogen
capable of CAUSING DISEASE only when the host's resistance is lowered |
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Percutaneous
(Wilkins Ch 2) |
Percutaneous
through the SKIN |
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Permuscosal
(Wilkins Ch 2) |
Permuscosal
through the MUCOUS MEMBRANE |
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Prion
(Wilkins Ch 2) |
Prion
PROTEIN PARTICLE lacking "nucleic acid" that (1) has been implicated as the CAUSE of certain neurodegenerative diseases Ex: Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease |
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Prodrome
(Wilkins Ch 2) |
Prodrome
EARLY or premonitory sympton (Adj: prodromal) |
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Replication
(Wilkins Ch 2) |
Replication
process by which viruses REPRODUCE and multiply |
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Retrovirus
(Wilkins Ch 2) |
Retrovirus
(1) virus with RNA as its core genetic material (2) requires the enzyme REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE to convert its RNA into proviral DNA |
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Serologic diagnosis
(Wilkins Ch 2) |
Serologic diagnosis
the IDENTIFICATION of a disease by serum markers of that specific condition |
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Seroconversion
(Wilkins Ch 2) |
Seroconversion
after exposure of the etiologic agent of a disease , (1) the BLOOD CHANGES from NEGATIVE ("seronegative") to POSITIVE (" seropositive") for the serum marker for the disease; (2) the time interval for conversion is SPECIFIC for each disease |
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Serum marker
(Wilkins Ch 2) |
Serum marker
a SPECIFIC FINDING (such as an antibody or antigen) (1) by laboratory blood analysis (2) that IDENTIFIES an existing disease state |
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Shedding (viral)
(Wilkins Ch 2) |
Shedding (viral)
PRESENCE OF VIRUS in (1) body secretions (2) excretions (3) or in body surface lesions with potential for TRANSMISSION |
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Standard precautions
(Wilkins Ch 2) |
Standard precautions
an approach to INFECTION CONTROL to PROTECT THE DHCP & pts from PATHOGENS that can be spread by (1) blood*** (2) bodily fluids *** (3) secretions or excretion (except sweat) ***regardless if they contain BLOOD |
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STD
(Wilkins Ch 2) |
STD
"Sexually transmitted disease" |
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Surveillance (of disease)
(Wilkins Ch 2) |
Surveillance (of disease)
continuing SCRUTINY of all aspects of occurrence and SPREAD OF A DISEASE that are pertinent of effective control |
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Susceptible host
(Wilkins Ch 2) |
Susceptible host
host NOT POSSESSING resistance against an infectious agent |
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Transmission (horizontal)
(Wilkins Ch 2) |
Transmission (horizontal)
PASSAGE of an infectious agent from one individual to another |
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Vertical Transmission
(Wilkins Ch 2) |
Vertical Transmission
passage of an INFECTIOUS AGENT from one GENERATION to another by (1) breast milk (2) across placenta |
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Universal precautions
(Wilkins Ch 2) |
Universal precautions
an approach to INFECTION CONTROL in which all human BLOOD and certain body fluids are TREATED as if known to be infectious with (1) HIV (2) HBV (3) other BLOOD-BORNE pathogens |
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Vector
(Wilkins Ch 2) |
Vector
a carrier that TRANSFERS an infectious mircroorganism from one HOST to ANOTHER |
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Biologic Vector
(Wilkins Ch 2) |
Biologic Vector
(1) an arthropod (2) insect (3) living carrier in whose body the infecting organism MULTIPLIES before becoming infective to the recipient |
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Vehicle
(Wilkins Ch 2) |
Vehicle
a substance/object that serves an as INTERMEDIATE means by which an infectious agent is (1) TRANSPORTED (2) and INTRODUCED into a susceptible host through a suitable PORTAL of ENTRY |
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Virion
(Wilkins Ch 2) |
Virion
COMPLETE VIRUS PARTICLE made up of the (1) nucleoid -genetic material (2) capsid - shell of protein that protects the nucleoid |
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Nucleoid
(Wilkins Ch 2) |
Nucleoid
the GENETIC MATERIAL of a "virion" |
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Capsid
(Wilkins Ch 2) |
Capsid
the shell of protein that protects the nucleoid of the "virion" |
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Virulence
(Wilkins Ch 2) |
Virulence
the degree of PATHOGENICITY or "disease-evoking"power of an infectious agent |
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Virus
(Wilkins Ch 2) |
Virus
a SUBCELLULAR GENETIC ENTITY (1) capable of gaining ENTRANCE into a limited range of living cells (2) and capable of REPLICATION ONLY within such cells (3) Virus contains either DNA or RNA ***but not both!!! |
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Window Period
(Wilkins Ch 2) |
Window Period
(1) the TIME between exposure resulting in INFECTION (2) and the presence of DETECTABLE SERUM ANTIBODY; (3) antibody test =neg. but infectious agent is TRANSMISSIBLE during window period |
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AIDS
(Wilkins Ch 2) |
AIDS
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome |
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AZT (ZDV)
(Wilkins Ch 2) |
AZT (ZDV)
(1) "zidovudine" (2) retrovoir (3) DRUG used for the treatment of HIV and AIDS (4) 1st antirviral drug approved by the FDA |
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CD4+
(Wilkins Ch 2) |
CD4+
(1) T-helper lymphocyte (2) primary target cell for HIV infection; (3) CD4+ count DECREASES w/ the severity of HIV related illness |
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DNA
(Wilkins Ch 2) |
DNA
"DeoxyriboNucleic Acid" (1) a nucleic acid found in a cell nucleus (2) a CARRIER of genetic information |
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HAART
(Wilkins Ch 2) |
HAART
"Highly Active AntiRetroviral Therapy" (1) containing several antiretroviral medications (2) the combination has been MORE EFFECTIVE than monotherapy in the treatment of AIDS |
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HIV
(Wilkins Ch 2) |
HIV
"Human Immunodeficiency Virus" virus CAUSING AIDS |
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HIV-1 antibody
(Wilkins Ch 2) |
HIV-1 antibody
(1) antibody to HIV Type 1 (2) antibody can be detected in the BLOOD 6-8 weeks AFTER INFECTION |
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HL
(Wilkins Ch 2) |
HL
"Hairy Leukplakia" |
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IDU
(Wilkins Ch 2) |
IDU
"Injection Drug User" |
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KS
(Wilkins Ch 2) |
KS
"Kaposi's Sarcoma" (1) a MALIGNANT vascular tumor (2) an opportunistic neoplasm that may occur in people with HIV |
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LAV
(Wilkins Ch 2) |
LAV
"Lymphodenopathy-Associated Virus" (1) a former name for HIV |
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MMWR
(Wilkins Ch 2) |
MMWR
"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report" (1) a publication of the US Centers for Disease Control |
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PCP
(Wilkins Ch 2) |
PCP
"PneumoCystis Pneumonia" (1) Caused by Penumocystis carinii (2) an OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTION that occurs in people with HIV |
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PGL
(Wilkins Ch 2) |
PGL
"Persistent Generalized Lymphadenopathy" |
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PWA
(Wilkins Ch 2) |
PWA
"Person With AIDS" |
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RNA
(Wilkins Ch 2) |
RNA
"RiboNucleic Acid" a nucleic acid FOUND in (1) cytoplasm and (2) Nuclei of certain cells RNA DIRECTS (1) the SYNTHESIS of proteins (2) REPLACES DNA as a carrier of genetic codes in some viruses (4) |