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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
neuron
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Nerve cell within the central nervous system that is electrochemically designed to transmit messages between cells.
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myelin
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Sheath of fatty cells that insulates and speeds nerual impulses by about tenfold
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glial cells
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Brain cells that provide the material from which myelin is created, nourish neurons, and provide a scaffolding for neuron migration.
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plasticity
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Capacity of immature systems, including regions of the brain and the individual neurons within those regions, to take on different functions as a result of experience.
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lateralization
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Process by which one hemisphere of the brain comes to dominate the other, for example, processing of language in the left hemisphere or of spatial information in the right hemisphere.
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reflex
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Involuntary movement in response to touch, light, sound, or other form of stimulation; controlled by subcortical neural mechanisms.
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sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
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Sudden, unexplained death of an infant or a toddler as a result of cessation of breathing during sleep
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rhythmical stereotypies
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REpeated sequences of movements, such as leg kicking, hand waving, or head banging, that have no apparent goal.
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cephalocaudal development
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Pattern in which organs, systems, and motor movements near the head tend to develop earlier than those near the feet.
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norms
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Measures of average values and variations in some aspect of development, such as physical size and motor skill development, in relation to age.
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proximodistal development
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PAttern in which organs and systems of the body near the middle tend to develop earlier than those near the periphery
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catch-up growth
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Increase in growth rate after some factor, such as illness or poor nutrition, has disrupted the expected, normal growth rate.
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lagging-down growth
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Decrease in growth after some factor, such as congenital or hormonal disorder, has accelerated the expected, normal growth rate.
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hormones
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Chemicals produced by various glands that are secreted directly into the bloodstream and can therefore circulate to influence cells in other locations of the body.
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failure to thrive
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Label applied to any child whose growth in height or weight is below the third percentile for children of the same age.
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secular trend
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Consisten pattern of change over generations.
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skeletal maturity
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Extend to which cartilage has ossified to form bone; provides the most accurate estimate of how much additional growth will take place in the individual.
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puberty
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Developmental period during which a sequence of physical changes takes place that transforms the person from an immature individual to one capable of reproduction
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menarche
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First occurence of menstruation
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spermarche
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The first ejaculation of sperm by males entering puberty.
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