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74 Cards in this Set
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Developmental Psychology
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The Scientific study of biological, cognative, and personality development across a lifespan
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What limits abilities and usually is associated with slanted eyes, enlarged tongue,and repiratory problems
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Down syndrome
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Called trisomy 21
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Development from a single fertilized ovum, like identical twins
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Monozygotic
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twins
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Development from two fertilized ova, like fraternal twins
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Dizygotic
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twins
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Contains Genetic Material
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Nucleus
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in cell
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Threadlike structures in the nucleus of a cell
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Chromosomes
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23 pairs
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Segments of chromosomes that contain DNA
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Genes
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blue
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Fertilized egg that contains 23 chromosomes
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Gametes
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XX and XY
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Cell formed by union of two gametes, especially a fertilized ovum
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Zygote(conception to two weeks
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Germinal stage that takes place in uterus
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When Zygote is implanted in the walls of the uterus
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Implantation
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Two weeks - two months - when the baby is in its early and unrecognizable stages of development
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Embryo
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ZEFN
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Two months - Birth - When baby is in reconizable/late stage
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Fetus
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ZEFN
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The Baby right at birth or first 28 days
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Neonate
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ZEFN
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Provides for the nourishment of the fetus and elimination of its waste products
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Placenta
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Acts as a barrier of teratogens and forms the umbilical cord
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An agent, such as a virusm drug, or radiation that causes malformation of an embryo
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Teratogen
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Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, Reduction in oxygen, Malnutrition, Chickenpox death
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What is most critical period in prenatal development
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Embryonic Stage
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Standards for average age where child reaches developmental milestones
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Developmental Norms
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Going from reflexes to involuntary reflexes... occurs in spurts and stahls...
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Patterns in development
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Problems with long delays or reversals
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Unlearned, automatic responses of which most of these disappear within first year of life
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Reflexes
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Indicate Neurological development and are survival methods
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Looking for food - the idea that when you feed a baby for the first time you can touch the cheek and the baby will stimulate a sucking response
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Rooting
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tree____
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evidence of sucking in the fetal stage
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Sucking
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Sucking thumb or toes in ultrasound
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When you put something near a baby they will automatically cling on tight
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Grasping
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From primates.. when babies clung to backs of mothers when they climbed trees
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A foot reflex when you stroke the bottom of the foot, the toes curl out and up, if they never get rid of this during the forst year that is a sign of incomplete neurological development
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Babinski
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Babushka
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Babies reaction to changes in the enviroment including temperature
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Moro (startle)
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catching themselves from falling and letting out short sharp cry
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If you dangle babies they will imitate stepping reflex, but dont have enough control to support this
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Walking/stepping reflex
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Automatic Unfolding of abilities
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Maturation
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Habituation - Vision
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limited color vision, preference of faces to stimuli,
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Habituation- Hearing
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Like higher pitched sounds better, mothers, can locate a sound in space but not track where it is at
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Habituation - Smell
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Not great sense of smell, but its there, they react greatly to shrimp
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Habituation - Taste
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respond positively to sweet tastes, dont give botulism containing honey
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Habituation - Touch
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Do experience pain which is crucial in deciding whether to get circumsized with anesthesia
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Habituation - Depth Perception
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Have some depth perception but they do have to develop some of it
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Visual cliff - piece of flooring taken out
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Habituation - Imitation
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If you stick your tongue out at a baby they will do the same thing back
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When people talk to babies their voices will change in pitch
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Motherese/ Parentese
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ese
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Language around 6 months that consists of a constant and vowel
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Babbling
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not cooing
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Language from birth to 6 months that consists of mumble
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Cooing
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Launguage beween 12 and 18 monts that is use of one word to express a complete idea
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Holophrase
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holograph
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When baby applies a newly learned word to more things than it applies to
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Overextension
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When Baby fails to apply new words more generally such as only calling their dog doggy and no one elses dog a doggy
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underextension
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Language from 18-24 months getting a message across in as few words as possible
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Telegraphic speech
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AIM lingo
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Language - linking together words to sentences
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Development of grammar
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Cognitive Dev - birth to 2 years - most important of four stages that is when child is leaing simple motions and to gain more control over body
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Sensorimotor Period
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Sensory/motor actions
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dev 8-12 months - recognition of an object that is no longer right in front of them still exists
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Object Permanence
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Dev 8-12 months - recognition of a person that is no longer there still exists
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person permanence
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Cognitiv Dev - 2-6 years - children use symbolic thinking to understand world but they remain egocentric and cannot think logically
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Preoperations
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pre having good operations when they confuse dreams with reality
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the knowlege that quantitative properties, like weight mass number reamin the same despite changes in appearance
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Conservation
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reversability and centration
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Cognitive Dev - 6-12 years - when child gains operations for logical thinking about concrete events and understands conversation, they can perform some math operations
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Concrete Operational
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would know that xmas isnt tomorrow
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Cognitive Dev-12 years to adulthood - when further cognitive development enables child to take place in abstract thinking
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Formal Operational
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ELKIND, belief in own break future, dont have full morals
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Russian scientist who influenced society and the presense of other peoples contributions
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Vygotsky's socialcultural approach
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VVV
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The difference between what the child can do, and what the child can do with the help of others
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zone proximal development
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by Vygotsky
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style of teaching where the level of help in relation to the childs level of performance is adjusted
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scaffolding
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sca
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a study in which the performance of groups of participants of differnce groups of ages are compared to one another
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cross-sectional studies
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people of a given age are affected by factors unique to their generation leading to different performances among different generations
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cohort effect
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Accumulated knowledge, verbal and numerical skils that increase with age
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Crystallized Intelligence
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building blocks
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abstract thinking, logical problem solving and spatial reasoning that declines with age
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Fluid Intelligence
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flowss
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system of learned personal beliefs about right and wrong that we use to evaluate situations and behaviors
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Morality
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morality stage - as long as you dont get caught its okay.. Stage 1 punishment orientation stage 2 reward orientation
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Preconventional Morality
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reward punishment
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Morality levels - based on social rules and laws and fairness stage 3 good girl good boy stage 4 law and order orientation
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Conventional Morality
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if you go over speed limit the worst thing is reputation
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morality level of justice liberty and equality
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Post conventional morality
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going over speed limit no matter what
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lifelong emotional bond between mothers and baby formed within 1st 6 months
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Attatchment
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Attatchment type when mom leaves the room they cry but they become more independant or autonomic
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Secure
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2/3 infants have this
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Attatchment type when the baby shows little distress when mother leaves and avoids her when she returns
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Insecure - avoidant
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attatchment type when the infant seeks closeness to the mother and high levels of distress when she leaves and when she returns the baby clings and pushes aways
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insecure-ambivalent
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attatchment type when the mother leaves and returns the baby is confused and has no way of coping with it
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insecure-disorganized
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the set of innate tendencies that leads a person to behave in certain ways
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temperament
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precursor personalites
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parenting syle of my way of the highway.. has rules but no explanation for the rules
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Authoritarian
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dictatorship
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Parenting style of setting boundaries but having communication with the child (the good one(
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Authoritative
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parenting style that is tolerant or lenient and eventually they give in
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permissive
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laissez-faire
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parenting style where the parent tells kid to deal with it on their own
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Uninvolved
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new characteristics that will arive at each stage that help the growing child to resolve crisis
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the epigenetic principle
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eriksons stage theory
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the scientific study of how we influence one's behavior and thinking
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Social Psychology
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judgements that we use to explain our behaviors as well as other peoples behaviors
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Attribution theory
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us compared to others
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type of attribution where they behaved that way because of ability or effort
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internal
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dispositional
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type of attribution where they behaved a certain way out of task difficulty of luck
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external
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situational
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