Developmental Gross And Fine Motor Skills

Front 1

newborn to 1 mo skills in prone

Back 1

-physiological flex

-lifts head briefly

-head to side

Front 2

newborn to 1 mo skills in supine

Back 2

• physiological flexion
• rolls partly to side

Front 3

physiological flexion

Back 3

As babies develop and grow in the uterus they become folded up with their arms and legs flexed in towards their body. This position, along with the baby pushing against the walls of the uterus, creates what is called physiological flexion and provides the baby with muscle tone in their limbs.

Front 4

newborn to 1 mo skills in sitting

Back 4

head lag in pull to sit

Front 5

newborn to 1 mo skills in standing

Back 5

reflex standing and walking

Front 6

newborn to 1 mo fine motor skills

Back 6

• regards obj in direct line of sight
• follows moving objects to midline
• hands fisted
• arm movements jerky
• movements may be random or purposeful

Front 7

2- 3 mo skills in prone

Back 7

• briefly lifts head to 90
• chest up in prone position with some weight through forearms
• rolls prone to supine

Front 8

2- 3 mo skills in supine

Back 8

• ATNR is strong
• legs kick reciprically
• prefers head to side

Front 9

2- 3 mo skills in sitting

Back 9

• head upright, but bobbing
• variable head lag in pull to sit
• needs full support in sit

Front 10

2- 3 mo skills in standing

Back 10

• poor weight bearing
• hips in flexion behind shoulders

Front 11

2- 3 mo skills - fine motor

Back 11

• can see farther
• hands open more
• visually follows through 180
• grasp is reflexive
• uses palmar grasp

Front 12

4-5 mo skills - prone

Back 12

• bears weight on extended arms
• pivots in prone to reach toys

Front 13

4-5 mo skills - supine

Back 13

• rolls from supine to side position
• plays with feet to mouth

Front 14

4-5 mo skills - sitting

Back 14

• head steady in supported sitting position
• turns head in sitting position
• sits alone for brief periods

Front 15

4-5 mo skills - standing

Back 15

• bears all weight through legs in supported standing

Front 16

4-5 mo skills - fine motor

Back 16

• grasps and releases toys
• uses ulnar palmar grasp

Front 17

palmar grasp

Back 17

object in the middle of hand, no thumb

Front 18

ulnar palmar grasp

Back 18

grasps the object with the ring finger and little finger against his palm.

Front 19

6-7mo skills - prone

Back 19

• rolls from supine to prone
• holds weight on one hand to reach for toy

Front 20

6-7mo skills - supine

Back 20

• lifts head

Front 21

6-7mo skills - sitting

Back 21

• lifts head and helps when being pulled to sitting position
• gets to sitting position without assistance
• sits independently

Front 22

6-7mo skills - mobility

Back 22

• may crawl backwards

Front 23

6-7mo skills - fine motor

Back 23

• approaches objects with one hand
• arm in neutral when approaching toy
• radial palmar grasp
• rakes with fingers to pick up small objects
• voluntary release to transfer objects between hands

Front 24

8-9 mo skills- prone

Back 24

gets into hands and knees position

Front 25

radial palmar grasp

Back 25

thumb adduction begins

Front 26

8-9 mo skills- supine

Back 26

does not tolerate supine

Front 27

8-9 mo skills- sitting

Back 27

• moves from sitting to prone
• sits w/out hand support for longer periods
• pivots in sitting position

Front 28

8-9 mo skills- standing

Back 28

• stands at furniture
• pulls to stand at furniture
• lowers to sitting from supported stand
• 
  

Front 29

mobility

Back 29

• crawls fwd
• cruises

Front 30

8-9 mo skills- fine motor

Back 30

• develops active supination
• radial digit grasp develops
• uses inferior pincer grasp
• extends wrist actively
• points/pokes with index finger
• release of obj is more refined
• takes obj out of container

Front 31

radial digit grasp

Back 31

beginning of thumb opposition

Front 32

inferior pincer grasp

Back 32

volar hold

Front 33

10-11mo skills - standing

Back 33

• stands without support briefly
• pulls to stand using half kneel intermediate position
• picks up obj from floor in standing with support

Front 34

10-11mo skills - mobility

Back 34

• walks with both hands held
• walks with one hand held
• creeps or hands and feet (bear walk)

Front 35

10-11mo skills - fine motor

Back 35

• fine pincer grasp developed
• puts obj in container
• grasps crayon adaptively

Front 36

fine pincer grasp

Back 36

Front 37

12-15 mo gross motor skills

Back 37

• walks without support
• fast walking
• walks backward
• bends over to look btwn legs
• creeps or hitches up stairs
• throws ball in sitting

Front 38

12- 15 mo fine motor

Back 38

• marks paper with crayon
• builds tower using 2 cubes
• turns over small container to obtain contents

Front 39

16- 24 mo gross motor skills

Back 39

• squats in play
• walks ups and down stairs with one hand held and marked time
• propels ride on toys
• kicks ball
• throws ball
• throws ball fwd
• picks up toy from floor without falling

Front 40

16- 24 mo fine motor

Back 40

• folds paper
• strings beads
• stacks 6 cubes
• imitates vertical and horizontal strokes with crayon on paper
• holds crayon with thumb and finger

Front 41

2yr gross motor

Back 41

• rides trike
• walks backwards
• walks on tip toe
• runs on toes
• walks down stairs recip
• catches large ball
• hops on one foot

Front 42

2yr fine motor

Back 42

• turns knob
• opens and closes jar
• able to button large buttons
• uses child size scizzors with help
• does 12-15 piece puzzles
• folds paper or clothes

Front 43

preschool 3-4yr gross motor

Back 43

• thows a ball 10'
• walks on a line 10'
• hops 2-10 times on 1 foot
• jumps distance of up to 2'
• jumps over obstablces of up to 12 "
• throws and catches a small ball
• runs fast and avoids obstabcles

Front 44

preschoo 3-4yr fine motor

Back 44

• controls crayons more effectively
• copies a circle or a cross
• matches colors
• cuts with scissors
• draws recognizable human figure with head and 2 extremities
• draws squares
• may demonstrate a hand preference

Front 45

early school 5-8yr gross motor

Back 45

• skips on alternate feet
• gallops
• can play hop scotch, balance on 1 foot, controlled hopping and squatting on one leg
• jumps with rhythm and control (jump rope)
• bounces a large ball
• kicks better
• limbs grow faster than truck allowing for greater speed and leverage

Front 46

later school 9-12yr gross motor

Back 46

• mature pattern of movement in running, jumping, throwing
• enjoys competitive games
• improved balance, coordination, endurance, attention span
• boys develop pre-adolescent fat spurt
• girls may develop pre pubescent and pubescent changes in body shape

Front 47

later school 9-12 yr fine motor

Back 47

• develops greater control in hand usage
• learns to draw
• handwriting is developed

Front 48

adolescence 13+yr gross motor

Back 48

• rapid growth in size and strength (boys more than girls)
• puberty leads to change in body proportions, ctr of gravity rises twd shoulders for boys and lowers to hips for girls
• balance and coordination skills, eye-hand coordination, endurance may plateau during growth spurt

Front 49

adolescence 13+yr fine motor

Back 49

develops greater dexterity of fingers for fine tasks (art, sewing, knitting)