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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Reflexes
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are automatic inborn behaviour patterns controlled by subcortical neural systems
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The Moro reflex happens when
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a jolt or loud noise evokes arm stretching then clenching whose purpose is to neurocognition
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Sneezing is a reflex designed to
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Clear a blocked nose or throat
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Sucking is a reflex designed
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to assist the establishment of feeding
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Rooting is designed to
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assist in locating the nipple
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Crying is a survival reflex that assists well-being by
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drawing attention to stress and establishing a vehicle of communication with parents/carers
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How many distinct cries are recognised by parents of newborns?
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3
rhythmic mad pain |
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Disruptions in the transition of involuntary reflexes to voluntary reflexes is being explored as a possible risk factor for
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SIDS in children less than 12 months
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Parental reactions to the crying of their baby have both a
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egotistical and altruistic component
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Altruistic responses to a babies cries are thought to be a result of
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the parents exposure to easy to soothe infants when they were teenagers
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premature babies have a more _________ cry
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aversive
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Abusive mothers have a more
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egotistical response to crying than non-abusive mothers
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What did Lee Silk do in hospital nurseries that resulted in babies crying less and gaining more weight over 4 days?
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played tapes if an adults heartbeat
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Very young infants tend to be soothed by all
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steady forms of stimulation
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In aboriginal communities children under 6 months have
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continual contact with human skin even when sleeping
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Sleep disturbances originating in infancy are some of the most common behaviour problems of childhood for which parents
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seek professional help
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Infants sleep for a total of _____ hours a days in bouts of _____ hours
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16
2-3 |
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Infants show more _____ sleep than adults
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REM
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The autostimulation theory of REM sleep suggests that
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REM sleep serves an important developmental function of providing young infants with challenging mental stimulation
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REM sleep activates
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nerve pathways and brain centres
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At birth the human brain is only ____ of it's adult weight and the subcortical structures are __________
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25%
most mature |
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Which two types of brian cells are present at birth?
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neurons and glial
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Which part of the brain has the most growing to do after birth?
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cerebral cortex
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The rapid grains in brain weight in infancy are due to?
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1. the growth in size of the already present neurons
2. the addition of dendrites and axon terminals to form interconnections with each other 3. the growth of synapses 4. the myelination of neuron channels, pathways and modular connections |
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Myelination is
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the coating of the axon with an outer sheath made of a fatty substance called myelin which speed the transmission of neural imulses.
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Neurogenesis is
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the process of neural growth
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Synaptic pruning is
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the discarding of unnecessary connections among neuron's
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Birth weight typically doubles by
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4 months
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physical growth is both
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cephalocaudal (head to toe) and proximodistal (from the centre outwards)
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optimal nurturing conditions for physical growth require both
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adequate nutrition and freedom from disease
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A study in the Kimberley region of aboriginal children and growth rate found that
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children in a households with a TV had a slower growth rate than those with a TV.
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Families who discard their traditional practices may have a
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negative effect on child development
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Both babies and adults respond more positively to
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beauty
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What are the two hypothesis that explain cross cultural differences in the motor development of babies? Explain.
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1. Maturation theory - that each culture has a biologically ordained timetable of growth
2. Experience - exposure to experiences that encourage the motor skill development |
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Aboriginal families tended, by nature, to encourage the early development of
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motor skills
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At birth the muscles that control baby's eye movements are
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not completely under voluntary control
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At birth babies can only see as far as
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20cm
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What visions development occurs at 4, 6, 7 and 8 months of age?
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4 - infants can respond to complex patterns
6 - size constancy 7 - distinguish between happy and sad faces 8 - depth perception |
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At birth newborns can distinguish
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human voice from other sounds
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Babies have trouble distinguishing fine discriminations in sound
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within a particular sounds category
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Perception is
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the brains organisation and interpretation of information conveyed by the sense organs
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What study showed that babies of 6 months were not as egocentric as piaget predicted because they
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turned towards the interesting event/object when rotated away from where they originally saw it
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Babies learning is motivated by
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curiosity
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What governs infant attention?
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the interplay between boredom and curiosity
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Optimal Schema Discrepancy is
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repeated attention to stimuli leads to development of mental image
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What are the 6 steps of Piagets sensorimotor stage?
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1. Reflex Reactions
2. Primary Circular Reactions 3. Secondary Circular Reactions 4. Coordinating secondary circular reactions 5. Tertiary circular reactions 6. Beginnings of symbolic representation |