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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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t/f... the lungs are inflated in the foetus
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false
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where does the foetus get oxygenated blood from?
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the placenta via the umbilical vein
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how many umbilical veins are there?
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one
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where does the oxygenated blood from the umbilical vein travel?
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across the right atrium through the foramen ovale to the left atrium
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which part of the foetus receives the best oxygenated blood?
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the head and upper limbs
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how does deoxygenated blood enter the foetal heart?
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through the SVC and IVC
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where does deoxygenated blood in the foetal right atrium travel?
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right ventricle
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what is the ductus arteriosus?
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connection between pulmonary trunk and aorta in the foetus
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what type of blood is supplied to the lower part of the foetus?
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both oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
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when does heart development begin in the embryo?
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about 3 weeks gestation
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t/f... the heart starts beating at 3 weeks gestation
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true
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what divides the left and right atrioventricular canals?
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the two endocardial cushions which grow from the posterior and anterior walls of the heart and fuse together
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what grows first, the muscular part of the interventricular septum or the membranous part?
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muscular part
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at what stage of gestation are the ventricles completely separated?
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7 weeks
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what is the name of the hole in the septum primum?
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foramen primum
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what is the foramen primum replaced by?
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foramen secundum
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on which side of the primary septum does the septum secundum grow?
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the right side
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defects of the cardiovascular system occur at a rate of about .../1000?
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8
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what is the most common heart defect?
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VSD
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t/f... at birth, the pressure in the right side of the heart is roughly the same as in the left side
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true
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after birth, the pressure in the right side of the heart will...?
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decrease to about 1/3 of the pressure in the left side
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what type of shunt occurs with a ventricular septal defect?
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left-to-right
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how long does a baby with a ventricular septal defect take to develop congestive heart failure?
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2-4 weeks after birth
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t/f... a small defect will produce more noise on auscultation than a larger one
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true
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what are the four problems present in tetralogy of fallot?
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pulmonary stenosis, VSD, overriding aorta, right ventricular hypertrophy
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VSDs in which part of the interventricular septum more often close spontaneously?
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muscular
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is a baby likely to be cyanosed if they have the tetralogy of fallot?
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yes
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how common is tetralogy of fallot? (%)
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0.03%
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what is the frequency of atrial septal defects?
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0.1%
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what type of shunt will develop with a patent ductus arteriosus?
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left - right shunt
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what is the result of an untreated ventricular septal defect?
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pulmonary vessels become resistant to stretch, right ventricle hypertrophies and pressure in right side of heart rises above pressure in left side and the shunt reverses from left-to-right to right-to-left.
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what does the ductus arteriosus become eventually after birth?
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ligamentum arteriosum
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