Dental Mnemonics For Nbde I

Front 1

Anterior Pituitary Hormones FLAGTOP

Back 1

F ollicle Stimulating Hormone
L uteinizing Hormone
A CTH
G rowth Hormone
T hyroid Stimulating Hormone
MSH (melanOcyte stimulating hormone)
P rolactin

Front 2

Autonomic Nervous System Fight/Flight Rest/Digest

Back 2

Sympathetic: fight or flight
Parasympathetic: rest and digest

Front 3

Causes of Deviations from Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Maggie May Does Not Smoke

Back 3

M utations M igration genetic Drift N on-random mating S election

Front 4

Cell Cycle Go Sally Go! Make Children!

Back 4

G rowth phase 1 S ynthesis (replication) G rowth phase 2 M itosis C ytokinesis

Front 5

Mitosis People Meet And Talk OR PMAT

Back 5

P rophase M etaphase A naphase T elophase

Front 6

Meiosis PMATx2

Back 6

P rophase I M etaphase I A naphase I T elophase I P rophase II M etaphase II A naphase II T elophase II (Note: 4 haploid daughter cells instead of 2 diploid daughter cells)

Front 7

Chordate Features Do Not Pinch People

Back 7

D orsal, hollow nerve cord N otochord P haryngeal slits P ostanal tail

Front 8

Developmental Stages Must Be Good

Back 8

M orula B lastula G astrula

Front 9

Fat-soluble Vitamins ADEK

Back 9

Vitamins A,D,E,K

Front 10

Hormones originating from GI tract Garlic Cloves Smell Exquisite

Back 10

G astrin C holecystokinin (CCK) S ecretin E nterogastrone (gastric inhibitory peptide)

Front 11

Hormones that increase blood glucose STENGG

Back 11

S omatotropin (growth hormone) T hyroid hormones (thyroxine and triiodothyronine) E pinephrine N repinephrine G lucagon G lucocorticoids

Front 12

Immunoglobulins MADGE

Back 12

IgM IgA IgD IgG IgE

Front 13

Kingdoms My Poor Friend Picks Apples

Back 13

M onera P rotista F ungi P lants A nimals

Front 14

Functions of Complement COL

Back 14

C hemotaxis of phagocytes O psonization of pathogens L ysis of pathogens

Front 15

Male Reproductive Tract (path of sperm) SEVEN UP

Back 15

S eminiferous tubules E pididymis V as deferens E jaculatory duct N othing U rethra P enis

Front 16

Ovarian Cycle & Menstrual Cycle FOL(d) M(a)PS

Back 16

Ovarian cycle: F ollicular phase O vulatory phase L uteal phase Menstrual cycle: M enstrual flow P roliferative phase S ecretory phase

Front 17

Pyrimidines CUT the PY

Back 17

C ytosine, U racil, T hiamine are PY rimidines (one-ring structures)

Front 18

Purines GAPur

Back 18

G uanine and A denine are P urines (two-ring structures)

Front 19

Bonds All Tigers Can Growl

Back 19

A denine bonds to T hymine C ytosine bonds to G uanine

Front 20

Bonds Pure Silver Taxi

Back 20

P urines, A and G, bond to pyrimidines, T and C, respectively

Front 21

Causes of oxyhemoglobin curve shift to right CADET face Right!

Back 21

C arbon dioxide A cid 2,3-DPG E xercise T emperature

Front 22

Proteases in the Duodenum Eat Tender Chicken Chunks Elegantly

Back 22

E nterokinase T rypsin C hymotrypsin C arboxypeptidase E lastase

Front 23

Inductive Reasoning IS GOHH

Back 23

I nduction: S pecific G eneral Or O bservation H ypothesis H ypothesis-testing

Front 24

Deductive Reasoning D(o)GS

Back 24

D eduction: G eneral S pecific

Front 25

Sedimentation Rate of SeDimentation

Back 25

Rate of SeDimentation is proportional to Size and Density

Front 26

Sizes Bowel Movement

Back 26

A Bacterium is about 1 Micron (1 mm) A eukaryotic cell is about 10 times larger (10 mm) A virus is about 100 times smaller (0.01 mm) Note: these are very, very rough guides. The ranges of sizes are wide.

Front 27

Striated Muscle ZIAH

Back 27

Z-line I-band A-band H-zone

Front 28

Taxonomy King Phillip Came Over From Great Spain

Back 28

K ingdom P hylum C lass O rder F amily G enus S pecies

Front 29

Vertebrate Features CEVASACK

Back 29

C ephalization E ndoskeleton V ertebrae A xial skeleton S kull A ppendicular skeleton C losed circulatory system K idneys

Front 30

White Blood Cells Nobody Likes My Educational Background,e.g. 60, 30, 6, 3, 1

Back 30

N eutrophils 60% L ymphocytes 30% M onocytes 6% E osinophils 3% B asophils 1%

Front 31

Bonding HONC

Back 31

H requires 1 more electron in its outer shell to become stable O requires 2 N requires 3 C requires 4

Front 32

Cation The t" in cation looks like a plus sign"

Back 32

"Ca+ion"

Front 33

Electrochemistry LEO is A GERC (jerk)

Back 33

L oss of E lectrons is O xidation, which occurs at the A node G ain of E lectrons is R eduction, which occurs at the C athode

Front 34

Electrolysis MIT is nF(enough)

Back 34

M oles deposited at an electrode = It/nF

Front 35

Gibb's Free Energy Good Honey Tastes Sweet

Back 35

DG = DH - TDS

Front 36

Gibb's Free Energy Gee! Plus Arty (RT)! Thank you (lnQ)!

Back 36

DG = DGí_ + RTlnQ

Front 37

Gibb's Free Energy Delicious Grapefruit - Not For Everyone (FE)

Back 37

DGí_ = -nFEí_

Front 38

Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation HK + AHA or "Hong Kong + American Hospital Association"

Back 38

pH = pKa + log10(A-/HA)

Front 39

Hydrogen Bonding FON

Back 39

When hydrogen is attached to fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen atom - it can form a bond between it and another fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen atom.

Front 40

Nernst Equation We minus Arty (RT) (is) Enough (nF), Thank You (lnQ).

Back 40

E = Eí_ - (RT/nF)lnQ

Front 41

Quantum Numbers National Library (of) Medicine Sizzles

Back 41

n l m s

Front 42

l Quantum Numbers Sensual People Do Foreplay

Back 42

s, p, d, f Then it follows the alphabet: g, h, i, j, k, etc.

Front 43

State Functions VG PHEST (Very Good Festival)

Back 43

V olume G ibb's free energy P ressure ent H alpy E (i)nternal energy (S) entropy T emperature

Front 44

Addition of Amine to Carbonyl Group SE PI or "SEe PIe"

Back 44

S econdary amine - E namine P rimary amine - I mine (Note: tertiary and quaternary amines do not react with the C=0 group.)

Front 45

Cis/trans (Geometric) Isomers Z: Zame Zide E: Epposite

Back 45

Z for same side E for opposite sides

Front 46

Conformations Gauche & Cyclohexane ring

Back 46

Gauche conformation: It's "gauche" (inappropriate) for one methyl group to stand too close to another group. Cyclohexane ring: When you have low energy, you sit down in a "CHAIR" to rest. "BOATS" can be tippy, so they are less stable.

Front 47

Meso Compounds MeSo compounds

Back 47

Compounds have a Mirror of Symmetry

Front 48

Meta-Directing Groups on a Benezene Ring Queen Elizabeth Second's Navy Commands, Controls, Communicates

Back 48

Q uaternary amino -NR3+ E ster -COOR S ulfonic acid -SO3H N N itro -NO2 C arbonyl -CHO C arboxyl -COOH C yano -CN

Front 49

Ortho- and Para- Directing Groups on a Benezene Ring "AHA AHA P"

Back 49

A lkyl -R H alogen -X A lkoxyl -OR A mino -NH2, -NHR, -NR2 (not -NR3+) H ydroxyl -OH A mide -NHCOR P henyl -C6H5

Front 50

Types of Reactions SEA MOuRNS CANned PEAs

Back 50

S ubstitution E lectrophilic - A romatic M ost O ther R eactions - N ucleophilic S ubstitution C arbonyl - A ddition N ucleophilic Pi bonds - E lectrophilic A ddition

Front 51

Cranial Nerves On Old Olympus' Towering Top, A Finn And German Viewed Some Hops

Back 51

I - O lfactory II - O ptic III - O culomotor IV - T rochlear V - T rigeminal VI - A bducens VII - F acial VIII - A uditory (vestibulocochlear) IX - G lossopharyngeal X - V agus XI - A ccessory XII - H ypoglossal

Front 52

Type of Cranial Nerve Some Say Marry Money, But My Brother Says Big Business Makes Money

Back 52

I - S ensory II - S ensory III - M otor IV - M otor V - B oth VI - M otor VII - B oth VIII - S ensory IX - B oth X - B oth XI - M otor XII - M otor

Front 53

Extraocular muscles innervation by cranial nerves LR6 - SO4 - rest3

Back 53

VI - L ateral R ectus IV - S uperior O rbicularis III - rest of the extraocular muscles

Front 54

Branches of the facial nerve Ten Zombies Bought My Car

Back 54

T emporal Z ygomatic B uccal M asseteric C ervical

Front 55

Cranial bones Old People From Texas Eat spiders

Back 55

O ccipital P arietal F rontal T emporal E thnoid S phenoid

Front 56

Brachial plexus subunits Randy Travis Drinks Cold Beers

Back 56

R oots T runks D ivisions C ords B ranches

Front 57

Eight Essential Amino Acids PriVaTe TIM HALL

Back 57

P henylalanine V aline T hreonine T ryptophan I soleucine M ethionine H istidine A rginine L eucine L ysine

Front 58

Hydrophobic Amino Acids Pro GAV PIL

Back 58

P roline G lycine A lanine V aline P henylalanine I soleucine L eucine

Front 59

Amino Acids with OH-containing side-groups SHOTT

Back 59

S erine (OH) T yrosine T hreonine

Front 60

Amino Acids with S-containing side-groups SCUM

Back 60

(S) C ysteine (U) M ethionine

Front 61

Basic Amino Acids HAL

Back 61

H istidine A rginine L ysine

Front 62

Amino Acids with COOH-containing side-groups Ag

Back 62

A spartate G lutamate

Front 63

Amino Acids with CONH2-containing side-groups Ag

Back 63

A sparagine G lutamine

Front 64

Amino Acids with aromatic side-groups HTTP

Back 64

H istidine T ryptophan T yrosine P henylalanine

Front 65

Glycolysis cycle compounds Goodness Gracious, Father Franklin Did Go By Picking Pumpkins (to) Prepare Pies

Back 65

G lucose G lucose-6-P F ructose-6-P F ructose-1,6-diP D ihydroxyacetone-P G lyceraldehyde-P 1,3-B iphosphoglycerate 3-P hosphoglycerate 2-P hosphoglycerate (to) P hosphoenolpyruvate [PEP] P yruvate

Front 66

Citric acid cycle compounds Oh Citric Acid Is Of (course) A SiLly STupid Funny Molecule

Back 66

O xaloacetate C itrate A conitate I socitrate O xalosuccinate A lpha-ketoglutarate S uccinyL-CoA S uccinaTe F umarate M alate

Front 67

Dicarboxylic acids (alpha, omega) from C2-C10 Oh My, Such Good Apple Pie, Sweet As Sugar

Back 67

O xalic M alonic S uccinic G lutaric A dipic P imelic S uberic A zelaic S ebacic

Front 68

Urea cycle compounds Ordinarily, Careless Crappers, Are Also Frivolous About Urination

Back 68

O rnithine C arbamoyl C itrulline A rginosuccinate A spartate F umarate A rginine U rea

Front 69

Molar Mass (of a gas) Dirty (dRT) Pee (P)

Back 69

dRT/P density x Gas Constant x Temp / pressure

Front 70

Specific Heat q = MCaT

Back 70

heat = (M ass)(sp. heat)(change in T emp) C - ssss!

Front 71

Stop codons U Go Away, U Are Away, U Are Gone!

Back 71

UGA, UAA, UAG are stop codons

Front 72

Strongest bonds Crazy Glue

Back 72

Strongest bonds are between C ytosine and G uanine, that is 3 H-bonds, whereas the A=T only have 2 H-bonds. This is relevant to DNA replication, as the weaker A=T will be the site where RNA primer makes the initial break.

Front 73

Pyruvate: products of complete oxidation 4 Naked Fun 3 Coeds + 1 Guy

Back 73

Complete oxidation of pyruvate yields: 4 NADH FADH2 3 CO2 1 GTP

Front 74

Catabolism steps of branched chain amino acids Truck hit the Ox to Death

Back 74

T ransamination Ox idative decarboxylation D ehydrogenation

Front 75

Cavernous Sinus Contents O TOM CAT

Back 75

O cculomotor Nerve (CN-III) T rochlear Nerve (CN-IV) O pthalmic Nerve (CN-V1) M axillary Nerve (CN-V2) C arotid Artery A budcent Nerve (CN-VI) T rochlear Nerve (CN-IV)

Front 76

Superior Oribtal Fissure - Structure Passing through Lazy French Tarts Sit Naked In Anticipation Of Sex

Back 76

L acrimal nerve F rontal nerve T rochlear nerve S uperior branch of oculomotor nerve N asociliary nerve I nferior branch of oculomotor nerve A bducent nerve O phthalmic veins S ympathetic nerves

Front 77

Spinal cord nerve origins SAME DAVE

Back 77

S ensory - A fferent M otor - E fferent D orsal - A fferent V entral - E fferent

Front 78

Autonomic nervous system Point and Shoot

Back 78

Parasympathetic (Point) = erection Sympathetic (Shoot) = ejaculate, orgasm

Front 79

Spinal column sections Cyanide Tastes Like Sweet Candy

Back 79

C ervical T horacic L umbar S acrum C occyx

Front 80

Four Parasympathetic ganglia in head Cats Prefer Sexy Owners

Back 80

C iliary P terygopalatine S ubmandibular O tic ganglion

Front 81

Ansa Cervicalis Nerves Ghost Thought Someone Stupid Shot Irene

Back 81

G eniohyoid T hyrohyoid S uperior Omohyoid S ternothyroid S ternohyoid I nferior Omohyoid

Front 82

Bells Palsy Symptoms BELL's Palsy

Back 82

B link reflex abnormal E arache L acrimation L oss of taste S udden onset P alsy of VII nerve muscles

Front 83

Brachial Plexus - Posterior Cord STAR

Back 83

S ubscapular (upper and lower) T horacodorsal A xillary R adial

Front 84

Cervical Plexus GLAST

Back 84

G reat Auricular L esser Occipital A ccessory Nerve S upraclavicular T ransverse Cervical

Front 85

Horner's Syndrome SPAM

Back 85

S unken Eyeballs P tosis A nhydrosis M iosis

Front 86

Lumbar Plexus I, I Get Laid On Fridays

Back 86

I liohypogastric (L1) I lioinguinal (L1) G enitofemoral (L1,2) L ateral femoral cutaneous (L2,3) O bturator (L2,3,4) F emoral (L2,3,4)

Front 87

Scalp Nerve Supply GLASS

Back 87

G reat Auricular L esser Occipital A uriculotemporal S upratrochlear S upraorbital

Front 88

V3 Innervated Muscles My A$$ Meets The Toilet

Back 88

M ylohyoid A nterior Digastric M uscles of Mastication T ensor Veli Palatini T ensor Tympani

Front 89

V3 Sensory Branches Buccaneers Are Inferior Linguists

Back 89

B uccal A uriculotemporal I nferior Alveolar L ingual

Front 90

Foramen Ovale Contents OVALE

Back 90

O tic Ganglion V 3 Cranial Nerve (mandibular) A ccessory Meningeal Artery L esser Petrosal Nerve E missary Veins

Front 91

Cervical Vertebrae Landmarks Noah Told Marry To Try Cervical Counting

Back 91

N ose - C1 T eeth - C 2 M andible - C3 T hyroid Cartilage (upper) - C4 T hyroid Cartilage (lower) - C5 C ricoid Cartilage - C6 & C7

Front 92

Areas Outside of Blood Brain Barrier SOAP

Back 92

S ubfornical organ O rganum vasculosum of lamina terminalis A rea Postrema P osterior pituitary

Front 93

Brachial Plexus - Medial Cord Money Makes Many Men Unhappy

Back 93

M edial pectoral nerve M edial branch of median M edial cutaneous nerve of arm M edial cutaneous nerve of forearm U lnar nerve

Front 94

CNS/PNS Myelinating Cells COPS

Back 94

C entral nervous system myelin cells - O ligodendrocytes P eripheral nervous system myelin cells - S chwann cells

Front 95

Muscles of Mastication More Tea Less Milk

Back 95

M asseter T emporalis L ateral pterygoid M edial pterygoid

Front 96

Nerve Supply of Lumbricals 1 2 me, 3 4 u

Back 96

First and second lumbricals - Median nerve Third and fourth lumbricals - Ulnar nerve

Front 97

Nuclei of Cerebellum Freaky Guys Endup Dead

Back 97

F astigius G lobose E mboliformis D entate

Front 98

Anesthesia - 4 stages Anesthesiologists Enjoy S & M

Back 98

A nalgesia E xcitement S urgical anesthesia M edullary paralysis

Front 99

Auditory pathway Come In My Baritone

Back 99

C ochlear nucleus I nferior colliculus M edial geniculate nucleus Brodmann's 41 (cortex)

Front 100

CSF circulation Choroid vs. Arachnoid granules

Back 100

C horoid C reates CSF A rachnoid granules A bsorb CSF

Front 101

Geniculate bodies - medial vs. lateral system MALE

Back 101

M edial = A uditory L ateral = E ye

Front 102

Hypothalamus - feeding center Stim the LAT get fat

Back 102

Stimulating LAT eral increases hunger

Front 103

Hypothalamus - satiety center Stim the VEN, get thin

Back 103

Stimulating VEN tromedial increases satiety

Front 104

Lower vs. upper motor neuron lesion effects STORM, Baby

Back 104

In a Lower motor neuron lesion, everything goes Down S trength T one O ther R eflexes M uscle mass B abinski's sign

Front 105

Meninges - layers in order PAD

Back 105

P iamater A rachnoid D ura

Front 106

Olivary nuclei - ear vs. eye roles Superior Olivary

Back 106

Superior Olivary nucleus - SO und localization Inferior olivary nucleus is therefore the one for sight (tactile, proprioception also)

Front 107

Ventricle aperatures Magendie vs. Luschka

Back 107

M agendie foramen is the M edial aperture L uschka foramen is the L ateral aperture

Front 108

Layers of epidermis Can Lazy Greg Swim Backwards?

Back 108

stratum C orneum stratum L ucidum stratum G ranulosum stratum S pinosum stratum B asale

Front 109

Hypermobility of joints MODE

Back 109

M arfan's syndrome O steogenesis imperfecta D owns syndrome E hlers Danlos syndrome

Front 110

Osteogenesis imperfecta symptoms C BAD GF

Back 110

C ollage production impaired B lue sclera A bnormal dentin D eafness G enetic disorder F ragile bone (fracture)

Front 111

Treacher Collin's syndrome EACH BF COME AAA

Back 111

E ar malformation A nti-mongoloid palpebral fissure C olobomas H ypoplastic mandible, malar bone, air sinus B ird face F ish face C left palate O pen bite M acrostomia E ctopic eruption A plasia of TMJ A bnormal hair growth A utosomal dominant

Front 112

Cleft palate syndrome MECCA GOLD POSTMEN

Back 112

M edian cleft face syndrome E dward's syndrome C leidocranial dysplasia C rouzan syndrome A lpert's syndrome G oldenhar syndrome O ral facial digital syndrome L arsan syndrome D owns syndrome P ierre Robin syndrome O topalatodigital syndrome S chenthaner-Marie-Sainton syndrome T reacher Collin's syndrome M arfan's syndrome E lashy-Water's syndrome N agar syndrome

Front 113

Local causes of failure of eruption of permanent teeth DORSAL

Back 113

D isplacement in dentigerous cyst O vercrowding R etention of a deciduous predecessor S upernumerary and supplemental teeth A bnormal position of crypt L oss of space

Front 114

Eruption times of permanent dentition Mama Is In Pain, Papa Can Make Medicine

Back 114

first M olar - 6 years first I ncisor - 7 years second I ncisor - 8 years first P remolar - 9 years second P remolar - 10 years C anine - 11 years second M olar - 12 years third M olar - 18 to 25 years

Front 115

Dry mouth causes DRI

Back 115

D rugs / D ehydration R enal failure / R adiotherapy I mmunological (Sogren' syndrome) / I ntense emotions

Front 116

1st and 2nd Heart Sounds: "Try My Apple Pie"

Back 116

S1: Tricuspid and Mitral valves close

S2: Aortic and Pulmonary valves close