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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Temporalis
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Origin:Temporal lines on the parietal bone
Insertion:Coronoid process down to the ramus Innervation:Mandibular ranch of trigeminal nerve (V3) Action:Retrusion, Elevation, Lateral Excursion |
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Masseter
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Two heads: Superficial head (smaller), deep head (larger)
Action: retrusion, protrusion, elevation, lateral excursion |
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Pterygoid Muscles
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Two heads:medial head (attaches to the medial aspect of the lateral pteygoid plate and lateral head (attaches to the lateral aspect of the lateral pterygoid plate)
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Lateral pterygoid muscle
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Actions:
upper head: stabilizer during retrusion lower head: protrusion, depression, medial excursion |
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Medial ptergoid muscle
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Attaches to condyle and medial aspect of the meniscus
Action: elevation, medial excursion, protrusion |
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Muscles of Mastication
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Temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid
Note: none of these helps open your mouth, how do you bring the mandible down? |
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Structures that abut the muscles of mastication
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Maxillary artery
(when you remove the lateral pterygoid you can see the mandibular nerve split into the lingual nerve and inferior alveolar nerve) Lingual nerve Inferior alveolar nerve |
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Sphenomandibularis Muscle
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Attach to sphenoid bone and the mandible
Another muscle of mastication Protrude, medial excursion, elevation |
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Styloglossus
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Extrinsic
Origin: Styloid process Insertion: Lateral aspect of tongue Innervation: hypoglossal nerve Action: elevation and retraction of tongue, draw up the sides of the tongue to form a trough |
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Genioglossus
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Extrinsic
Origin: Superior genial tubercle of the mandible Insertion: Total dorsum of the tongue and the hyoid bone Innervation:Hypoglossal nerve Action:Protrude and depress the dorsum of the tongue, retraction of the extreme tip of the tongue |
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Hyoglossus
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Extrinsic
Origin: Superior aspect of the greater horn of the hyoid bone and the lesser horn of the hyoid bone Insertion: lateral aspect of the tongue Innervation: Hypoglossal nerve Action: Depression and retrusion of the tongue |
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Palatoglossus
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Technically an extrinsic muscle (developed from branchial arch 4, NOT occipital somite)
Origin: Palatine aponeurosis Insertion: Lateral aspect of the tongue Inenrvation: XI via X Action: Elevation of the posterior aspect of the tongue, closes the oropharyngeal isthmus (opening) by bringing the tongue toward the soft palate |
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Longitudinal Fibers
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Intrinsic Muscle
Direction of Travel: anteroposterior Two bundles: Superior: run just inferior to mucosa of the dorusm of the tongue Inferior: between fibers of the genioglossus and hyoglossus |
Innervation: Hypoglossal nerve
Action: shorten length of tongue and curl the tongue |
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Transverse fibers
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Intrinsic muscle
Direction of travel: perpendicular to inferior bundle of the longitudinal fibers |
Innervation: Hypoglossal nerve
Action: Curl the tongue and form a longitudinal trough |
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Vertical fibers
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Intrinsic muscle
Direction of travel: from the dorsum of the tongue in an inferior direction |
Innervation: Hypoglossal nerve
Action: flatten and broaden the tongue |
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Palatopharyngeus
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Origin: Palatine aponeurosis
Insertion: Lateral wall of the pharynx Innervation: XI via X Action: Pull the tongue and soft palate towards the pharynx, seal the oropharyngeal opening |
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Palatoglossus
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Origin: Palatine aponeurosis
Insertion:lateral aspect of the tongue Innervation: XI via X Action: pull tongue and soft palate towards the pharynx, seal the oropharyngeal opening |
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Levator Palati
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Origin: Medial floor of auditory tube
Insertion: Palatine aponeurosis Innervation: XI via X Action: elevates the soft palate to seal the nasopharynx from the oropharynx, open the auditory tube |
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Tensor Palti
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Origin: Lateral aspect of the auditory tube
Insertion: Palatine aponeurosis (hook around the hamulus of the medial pterygoid plate) Innervation: Branch of mandibular nerve of the trigeminal Action: Tenses the soft palate, open the auditory tube |
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Uvular muscle
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Origin: Posterior nasal spine
Insertion: submucosa of the uvula Innervation: XI via X Action: pull the uvula superior to seal the nasopharynx |
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Semicircular constrictors
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Superior, middle, inferior constrictors work in a peristaltic motion to move the bolus of food down the pharynx
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Superior Constrictor
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Origin: Pterygomandibular raphe
Insertion: Midline pharyngeal raphe |
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Middle Constrictor
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Origin: Bone between greater and lesser horns of hyoid bone, portion of stylohyoid ligament
Insertion: Mideline pharyngeal raphe |
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Inferior Constrictor
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Origin: Lateral aspect of thryoid and cricoid cartilage
Insertion: Midline pharyngeal raphe |
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Palatopharyngeus Muscle
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Origin: Palatal aponeurosis
Insertion: Posterolateral aspect of pharynx, posterior aspect of hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage |
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Stylopharyngeus Muscle
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Origin: Styloid process
Insertion: gap between superior and middle constrictor muscles and insert with palatopharyngeus |
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Hyoepiglottic ligament
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Runs from the midline of the epiglottis to the body of the hyoid bone (extrinsic)
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Cricotracheal Ligament
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Attaches to the lower portion of the cricoid cartilage and the upper portion of the first cartilage of the trachea (extrinsic)
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Cricothryoid ligament
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Runs from the arch of the cricoid cartilage to the upper free margin on the inner aspect of the thyroid cartilage. A portion of this forms the VICAL LIGAMENT which participates in phonation
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Median cricothryoid ligament
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A thickening of a portion of the cricothyroid ligament which runs between the arch of the cricoid cartilage and the inferior aspect of the thyroid carilage
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Quadrangular membrane
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Attaches to the lateral margin of the epiglottis and the anterolateral aspect of the ipsilateral arytenoid cartilage. It also attaches to the corniculate cartilage. The free lower margin of the ligament forms the vestibular ligament which is found under the vestibular fold (false vocal cord of the larynx)
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Cricothyroid
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Origin: Anterior portion of the cricoid cartilage
Insertion: posteroinferior aspect of thyroid |
By tilting the thyroid cartilage forward over the cricoid cartilage they act to stretch the vocal folds.
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Transverse arytenoid
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Origin: Lateral aspect of one arytenoid Insertion: lateral aspect of the other arytenoid
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Fibers contract to approximate the right and left arytenoid crtilages (ie pull them close to each other)
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Posterior cricoarytenoid
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Origin: Lateral aspect of cricoid
Insertion: Arytenoid |
The muscles bilaterally contract to turn the arytenoids about vertical axes at the cricoarytenoid joints. This causes the vocal processes and attached vocal fold to abduct, opening the rima glottidis.
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Lateral cricoarytenoid muscle
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Origin: lateral aspect of the crioid
Insertion: Arytenoid |
The muscles bilaterally contract to turn the arytenoids about vertical axes at the cricoarytenoid joints. This causes the vocal processes to adduct to close the rima glottidis
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Vocalis
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(Part of thyroarytenoid muscle)
Origin: internal aspect of the thyroid Insertion: Lateral aspect of the arytenoid |
Fibers contract to approximate the thyroid cartilage and arytenoid cartilages, shortening the vocal ligaments.
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