Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
respiration
|
utilization of oxygen by an organism
|
|
external respiration
|
the entrance of air into the lungs, gas exchange between aveoli and blood
|
|
internal respiration
|
exchange of gas between blood and cells, intracellular process of respiration (oxidation)
|
|
respiration in protozoa and cnidarians
|
all cells are in direct contact with the external water environment, respiratory gases are exchanged by simple diffusion through the cell membrane
|
|
respiration in annelids
|
gas exchange through mucous covered skin bu diffusion. circulatory system brings oxygen to the cells and CO2 back to the skin
|
|
respiration in arthropods
|
respiratory tubules called tracheae have branches that reach almost every cell in the body. the tracheae access the surface by openings called spiracles. This allows intake, distribution, and removal of respiratory gases directly between the air and body cells by diffusion.
|
|
air pathway of human external respiration
|
nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
|
|
where does gas exchange between the lungs and blood?
|
alveoli
|
|
ventilation
|
process of breathing, inhalation and exhalation, takes in O2 from the atmosphere and eliminates CO2 from the body
|
|
process of inhalation
|
diaphragm contracts, external intercostal muscles contract, rib cage is pushed up and out. thoracic cavity increases in volume, reducing pressure in lungs, causing air to fill them
|
|
process of exhalation
|
generally passive, diaphragm and external intercostal muscles relax, lungs and chest wall recoil to original positions pushing inward. decreases thoracic cavity volume, lung air pressure increases, forces air out and lungs deflate
|
|
regulation of ventilation
|
respiratory cents in medulla oblongata
if partial pressure of CO2 rises in body, medulla stimulates an increase in ventilation rate |
|
pulmonary capillaries
|
network of blood vessels that surround alveoli
gases are exchanged by diffusion through the capillary walls and alveoli walls |