Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The foot is divided into three major sections. What are they?
|
-Phalanges
-Metatarsals -Tarsals |
|
What are the Phalanges?
|
The toe part of the foot
|
|
What are the metatarsals?
|
The middle section of the foot
|
|
What are the tarsals?
|
1st, 2nd, and 3rd cuneiforms (medial), cuboid (lateral), navicular, and calcaneous (heel bone)
|
|
What are the sesamoid bones?
|
They are found right under the head of the 1st metatarsal (floating bone)
|
|
Where is the tuberosity of the navicular?
|
On the medial side of the foot
|
|
What is the trochlea?
|
The articulating surface where leg bones attach
|
|
What are the three arches of the foot?
|
-Anterior or Metatarsal arch
-Lateral arch -Medial or Longitudinal arch |
|
How is the anterior/metatarsal arch formed?
|
-It is curved due to the shape of the cuneiforms
-Wider on top, narrower on bottom -Frequently broken down by dancers |
|
How is the lateral arch formed?
|
On the lateral side of the foot, forming from the head of the 4th and 5th metatarsals to the place where the heel touches the ground. It's inflexible and stable.
|
|
How is the medial/longitudinal arch formed?
|
The heel/ankle tallus, cuneiforms, and the first 3 metatarsals.
|
|
How does the heel strike occur?
|
-Takes place on the lateral side of the calcaneus
-Is the first part of the gait -Control comes from the eccentric contraction |
|
How does the mid-support occur?
|
-Medial arch takes the weight
-Acts as a shock absorber -Muscles on both sides of the legs contract to act as antagonists |
|
How does the take-off occur?
|
You push off the big toe, which is the most efficient because it only has 2 joints, making it more stable
|
|
What do the sesamoid bones do?
|
Act as shock absorbers
|
|
What are characteristics of the plantar fascia?
|
-Connective tissue that supports the dome-like structure of the foot
-Supports, protects, and absorbs shock -Is commonly over-used by dancers -Common site of pain, right high in the arch, highly localized |
|
What are the three main foot types?
|
-Normal
-Flat -Pes Cavus |
|
What characterizes a flat foot?
|
When the foot is flat when there is both weight bearing and non-weight bearing
|
|
What characterizes a fallen arch?
|
When the foot is flat when weight bearing, but has an arch when non-weight bearing
-When weight bearing, the navicular will displace medially--happens due to breaking it down |
|
What characterizes a pes cavus foot?
|
-It has more to do with the top of the foot
-The bones are structurally higher, giving more flexibility in the foot |
|
What is the tibia?
|
-Long bone
-Triangular in cross section -Found on the medial side, bearing all the weight from femur to tallus |
|
What is the anterior border?
|
The shin bone
|
|
What is the medial malleolus frequently referred to as?
|
The "ankle bone"
|
|
What is the fibula?
|
-Bone that articulates with the tibia, but not the femur
-Carries less than 10% of leg weight, but adds stability |
|
What is the lateral malleolus?
|
The "ankle bone" found on the fibula, on the outside of the leg
|
|
What is the interosseus membrane?
|
Connective tissue that keeps the tibia and fibula together
|
|
How many joints and ligaments are in the foot?
|
34 joints, and over 100 ligaments
|
|
What plane do toes have movement in?
|
Sagittal
|
|
What is dorsiflexion?
|
Brings the foot closer to the tibia
|
|
What is plantar flexion?
|
Moves the foot away from tibia
|
|
What are some characteristics of the trochlea?
|
-Has a wedge shape, getting narrower further back
-When on relevé, you lose stability and tend to pronate |
|
What is the tailor-navicular joint?
|
-The head of the tallus bone, and the navicular
-Almost a ball and socket joint |
|
What is the sub-tailor joint?
|
-The tallus/calcaneous joint
-Has inversion and eversion |
|
What is pronation?
|
Abduction and eversion
|
|
What is supination?
|
Adduction and inversion
|
|
How is the true ankle joint formed?
|
By the articulation of the talus, the inferior articulation surface of the tibia, and the lateral and medial malleolus
|
|
What are the medial collateral ligaments? (Deltoid)
|
-Anterior tibiotalar
-Tibionavicular -Tibiocalcaneal -Posterior tibiotalar -Spring ligament (aka plantar calcaneonavicular) |
|
What are the Lateral collateral ligaments?
|
-Posterior talofibular
-Anterior talofibular -Calcaneofibular |
|
What are characteristics of the medial collateral ligaments?
|
-Very strong and extensive in build
-Are so strong that bones will break before these ligaments will rupture |
|
What are characteristics of the lateral collateral ligaments?
|
-Has 3 distinct bands
-When seriously or repeatedly injured, the ankle becomes chronically unstable |