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160 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Our definition of a crime is conduct in violation of the criminal laws of a state, the federal government, or a local jurisdiction, for which there is no legally acceptable
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False
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The model of criminal justice that assumes the various parts of the justice system work together by design to achieve the wider purpose of justice is call the:
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Consensus model
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T / F Our definition of probable cause is: “Facts and Circumstances that would lead a reasonable person to believe that a crime has been or is about to be committed.
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True
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Which of the following is a trial in which the judge determines guilt or innocence?
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Bench Trial
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T / F The burden of proof in a criminal case is proof beyond a reasonable doubt.
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False
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The two main sources of criminal justice data in the United States are:
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Uniform crime report and national crime victimization Survey
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T / F Crime rates are a more reliable way to measure crime than raw numbers.
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True
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A classification scheme used in the study and description of criminal behavior is a:
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Crime Typology
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T / F The four sources of criminal law discussed in class were constitutions, statutes, court decisions and administrative regulations.
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True
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When Congress authorized a survey of crime in America, which federal agency was assigned the task of implementing a program to carry out the survey?
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FBI
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T / F The two main types of criminal law discussed in class were substantive and procedural
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True
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The primary purpose of tort law is to:
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Compesate the plaintiff
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T / F The three types of damages in civil cases are actual, compensatory & punitive
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True
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The latin term that means the rule of precedent or judges following previous decisions is known as:
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Stare Decisis
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T / F Mala Prohibita means wrong because the law says so.
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False
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Jurisdiction, vagueness, and repeal/amendment of a statute are examples of:
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Limits on Criminal Law
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T/ F The U.S. has two levels of criminal justice: state and federal
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False
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The two main goals of due process are:
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Accuracy and effectiveness
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T/ F The two main elements of a crime discussed in class were: mens rea and actus reus
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True
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The three main categories of crime discussed in class were:
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Felonies, misdemeanors and infraction/offenses
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T / F Civil Justice consists of activities and procedures having to do with private rights and relationships.
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True
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The scientific study of the causes and prevention of crime and the rehabilitation and punishment of offenders is know as?
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Criminology
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The Crime Control Model emphasizes:
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The efficient arrest and conviction of criminal justice offenders
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T / F Evidence based practice is a crime fighting strategy using methods that have been scientifically tested and are based on social science research
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True
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In the second chapter, there’s a picture and a caption of the worst serial killer in the nation to date, that killer is:
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Gary Ridgeway
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T / F Part 1 offenses are not crimes which have to occur first in order for a more serious crime can be committed.
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False
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In the book’s discussion about organized crime, what popular television show is mentioned?
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The Sopranos
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Crimes against the elderly, crimes against women, stalking and hate crime fall under which of the following?
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Crime typologies
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Statutory law and case law are the foundations of?
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Criminal Law
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T/ F Transnational organized crime is unlawful activity that is undertaken and supported by organized crime groups across national boundaries
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False
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31. T / F Jurisprudence is the philosophy of the law. Also, the science and study of the law
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False
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T / F The body of judicial precedent, historically built on legal reasoning and past interpretations of statutory laws, that serves as a guide to decision making, especially in the courts is known as case law.
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False
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The only crime mentioned in the Constitution of the United States is:
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Treason
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The latin term meaning “guilty mind” is
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Mens Rea
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Ex Post Facto means:
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After the fact
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The latin term that demonstrates facts that show a crime has occurred is:
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Corpos Delecti
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T / F The insanity defense is used rarely and is only successful 2% of the time
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Flase
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What period of American history was NOT associated with an increase in crime rates?
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Post world War II- 1960
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T / F A common law and constitutional prohibition against a second trial for the same offense is known as double jeopardy
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False
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The M’Naghten Rule is used to determine which of the following?
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A criminal defendant's insanity
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If an officer has probable cause, he/she may conduct a search of an automobile without a warrant because of which rule?
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Fleeting Target exception
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True / False The branch of government responsible for dispute resolutions is the Judicial
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False
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In which era did police gain pride in their profession?:
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Reform Era
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True / False One element of community policing is not centralization of command..
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False
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True / False When public safety is at issue, an officer is allowed to conduct a suspicion-less search because of a compelling interest..
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False
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True / False For probable cause to exist to search a particular premise, two conclusions must be supported by substantial and trustworthy evidence: that specific items to be searched for are connected to criminal activity and that those items will be found in the place to be searched.
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True
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Before a judge issues a warrant, what must an officer demonstrate as justification for the warrant?
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Probable Cause
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Which Supreme Court case made the exclusionary rule applicable to the states?:
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Mapp v. Ohio
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A police officer can’t arrest a suspect without probable caused based on the?:
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4th Amendment
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The exclusion of evidence obtained in violation of a defendants constitutional rights acts as a deterrent to police misconduct under which rule discussed in class?:
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Exclusionary Rule
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The three branches of government discussed in class were
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Legislative, executive, judicial
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Which of the following is NOT one of the characteristics for good police work discussed in class?:
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Good Vision
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The three major innovations in early policing discussed in class were:
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Patrol Car, two- way Radio, telephone
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The invention of ????? provoked a more organized effort towards the establishment of public policing in the 17th and 18th century?
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Gin
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Back in the Middle Ages, the person responsible for weapons and equipment for 100 families in his geographic area was know as the:
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Constable
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True / False The main purpose of the Miranda warnings is to inform suspects of their rights
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False
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True / False Most people take don’t advantage of their rights to remain silent and have counsel present.
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False
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True / False The two elements required for Miranda warnings are custodial interrogation.
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True
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The case that requires advisement of rights due criminal suspects by the police before questioning begins is:
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Miranda vs. Arizona
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21. The information gathering activity of police that involves direct questioning of suspects is:
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Interrogation
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A warrantless search of an arrested individual conducted to ensure the safety of the arresting officer is known as:
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Search incident to arrest
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True / False A legal principle that excludes from introduction at trial any evidence later developed as a result of an illegal search or seizure is known as “fruit of the poisonous tree”
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True
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True / False The legal definition of a “search” is “a patting down of the outer clothing of a suspect based upon reasonable suspicion, designed to locate contraband or criminal evidence while questioning a suspect
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False
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The landmark case that addressed stop and frisk and mentioned looking through “police colored glasses” discussed in class was:
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Terry vs. Ohio
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The two cases discussed in class that related to the exclusionary rule were:
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Mapp vs. Ohio and Weeks vs. United States
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15. Most due process requirements of relevance to the police pertain to which three major areas?
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Evidence and investigation, arrest, interrogation
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14. In the beginning of the legal aspects chapter, who was the major case about discussed in relation to the abuse of police power which we also discussed in class?:
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Rodney King
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13. True / False The two main divisions of authority in police agencies are line and staff operations.
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True
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12. A multi-agency law enforcement facility designed to enhance cooperative efforts through a coordinated process for collecting, sharing, and analyzing information in order to develop actionable intelligence is known as a:
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Fusion Center
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11. True / False The three tenets of community policing discussed in class were: using a problem solving approach, being service oriented, encouraging officers use of discretion
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True
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10. The three styles of policing discussed in class and the book were:
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Watchman, service, legalistic
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9. True / False Span of control means the number of police personel or the number of units supervised by a particular officer
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False
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8. Which is NOT a basic purpose of policing in democratic societies?:
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Determining what constitutes a crime
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7. In the 1900s, the criteria for selection of police officers discussed in class was:
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Physical fitness and political influence
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6. True/False The military model is not well suited for police work
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False
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5. Three main problems with early policing discussed in class were:
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Low pay, disrespect, ineffectiveness
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4. A crime analysis and police management process built on crime mapping that was developed by the New York City Police Department in the mid 1990s is known as:
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Compstat
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3. What does C.O.P. stand for as discussed in class?
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Constable on parol
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2. True / False The “New Police” were not immediately popular with the citizens of London because they were seen as unnesecary encroachment into the lives of Londoners
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False
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1. True/ False The Mutual Pledge systems was a system of community self-responsibility that existed in Britain in the Middle Ages in which residents were held responsible for the conduct of their neighbors
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True
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1. What discussed in class is thought to influence police in their decision to influence community relations, stop and arrest and corruption?
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Police Cynicism
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2. The three police personality aspects discussed in class were:
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Danger, isolation, authority
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3. The branch of a police organization tasked with investigating charges of wrongdoing involving members of the department is::
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Internal Affairs
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4. Which of the following is NOT one of the three styles of policing discussed in class?
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Leader
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5. A form of police/government corruption involving failure to perform a legal duty discussed in class is:
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Nonfeasance
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6. True / False Some researchers explain police corruption in terms of “rotten apples” and if they were eliminated this could make corruption disappear.
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True
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7. True / False Formal police academy training is not one of the ways that police are introduced to the police subculture.
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False
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8. A form of police / government corruption involving failure to perform a legal duty in a proper manner discussed in class is:
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Misfeasance
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9. A tendency to favor blind obedience to authority discussed in class is known as:
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Authoritiatianism
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10. A grass-eater would commit which type of corruption?
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Accepting gratutites
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11. As discussed in class, police officers with a college degree tend to be?????? than police officers without a college degree?
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Less Authoritarian
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12. Which of the following is not one of the benefits of college educated police officers discussed in class???????
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They use less vacation time
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13. The ability to choose between arrest and non-arrest solely on a police officers judgment as discussed in class is:
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Police discretion
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14. The special responsibility to adhere to moral duty and obligation that is inherent in police work is known as:
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Police wethics
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15. An unwritten policy in which police are not required to fully enforce the laws as written, discussed in class is:
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Selective enforcement
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16. A form of police / government corruption involving commission of an illegal act discussed in class is:
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Malfeasance
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17. In 2011, the leading cause of death of U.S. law enforcement officers killed in the line of duty was:
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Gunfire
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18. True / False Suits of civil liability brought against law enforcement personnel are of two types: state and federal.
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True
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19. Which of the following is NOT one of the four factors discussed in class to evaluate the reasonableness of the use of force?
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The target environment of the area
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20. Which is not a true statement regarding policing in the post 9/11 environment?
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The federal government has the sole responsibility for preventing and responding to terrorist attacks.
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21. True / False State courts do not have the freedom to interpret state and federal law and are not organized in a similar manner.
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False
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22. The lawful authority of a court to review a decision made by a lower court is at the?
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Appellate jurisdiction
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23. The three levels of state court jurisdiction are:
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Limited, General, Appellate
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24. Legislative Courts are courts that are created by?
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Congress
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25. True / False One situation where the US Supreme Court must rule is when an act of Congress has been found unconstitutional in a lower federal court.
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True
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26. Which of the following is not one of the four purposes of the first appearance?
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To allow defendant the opportunity to have access to exhibits of evidence
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27. Which of the following terms describes the release of an accused person from custody upon his or her promise to appear in court as required?
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Pre-Trial Release
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28. R.O.R. stands for?????????
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Release on Recognizance
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29. Justin Beiber has been arrested on three counts of felonious celebrity obnoxiousness: 1. for urinating in restaurant mop buckets, 2. speeding in residential neighborhoods and 3. sporting crappy body art. Before his trial, he signs a document saying the courts can seize his houses and cars if he does not show up for his court dates. This describes what kind of alternative to bail?
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Property bond
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30. The primary purpose of preliminary hearings is to:
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Give the defendant an opportunity to challenge the legal basis for their detention
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31. True / False A hearing before a court having jurisdiction in a criminal case in which the identity of the defendant is established, the defendant is informed of the charges and of his or her rights and where the defendant may enter a plea is known as an arraignment.
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True
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32. Which of the following scenarios would most likely to be resolved in a community court?
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Lady Gaga vandalizing homes in her neighborhood
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33. True / False Nolo Contendere means “No contest”
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False
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34. The money or property pledged to the court or actually deposited with the court to effect the release of a person from legal custody is known as:
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Bail
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35. The territory, subject matter, or people over which a court or other justice agency may exercise lawful authority, as determined by statue or constitution is known as:
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Jurisdiction
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36. True / False There are three types of pleas discussed in class: Guilty, Not Guilty, and No Contendere
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False
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37. True / False One of the situations in which the US Supreme Court must make a ruling is when a US Court of Appeals has found a state law unconstitutional.
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True
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38. True / False There are three levels of Federal Court Jurisdiction
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True
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39. True / False One of the purposes of early intervention programs is to supervise defendants released prior to their trials to make sure they comply with court ordered release conditions.
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True
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40. True / False One of the two main purposes of bail discussed in class was not that bail ensures that a defendant stays in jail so no court dates will be missed.
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False
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1. True / False Participants in a criminal trial can be divided into two categories: professionals and outsiders.
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True
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2. Which of the following is NOT one of the main players in the courtroom workgroup?
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Victim
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3. Which of the following is NOT one of the things a judge does?
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Represents the governments side of the case
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4. Any information having a tendency to clear a person of guilt or blame is known as:
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Exculpatory evidence
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5. Which of the following is NOT a qualification in order to become a judge in general jurisdiction and appellate courts?
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Be above the age of 35
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6. Lindsay Lohan shoplifted a necklace from a jewelry store according to the store clerk. What role does Lindsay Lohan play in court?
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Defendant
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7. The person in the courtroom responsible for sentencing offenders is the?
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Judge
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8. The person in court who argues in favor of a conviction is the?
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Prosecutor
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9. The person in court who tests the strength of prosecutions case is the?
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Defense attorney
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10. The court officer whose duties are to keep order in the courtroom, to secure witnesses, and to maintain physical custody of the jury is the?
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Baligg
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11. A written order issued by a judicial officer or grand jury requiring an individual to appear in court and to give testimony or to bring material to be used as evidence is known as a?
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Subpoena
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12. True / False There were three types of defense counsel discussed in class: private attorneys, court appointed counsel and public defenders.
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True
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13. The two sided structure under which American criminal trial courts operate that pits the prosecution against the defense in theory, justice is done when the more effective adversary is able to convince the judge or jury that his or her perspective on the case is the correct one is known as?
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Adversarial system
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14. Which of the following courtroom workgroup members maintains all the records of criminal cases including pleas and motions made both before and after the trial?
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Court Clerk
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15. Evidence that has been produced that is sufficient to convince a judge or a jury of a defendant’s guilt is know as:
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Legal Guilt
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16. The process by which prospective jurors are questioned about their backgrounds and potential biases before being chosen to sit on a jury is known as:
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Voir Dire
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17. Evidence that proves a fact without requiring the judge or jury to draw inferences is known as:
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Direct Evidence
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18. The 1974 federal law requiring that proceedings against a defendant in a criminal case begin within a specified period of time, such as 70 working days after indictment is known as?
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Speedy Trial Act
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19. Evidence that is indirect and requires a judge or jury to make inferences and to draw conclusions is known as:
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Circumstantial evidence
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20. The oral evidence offered by a sworn witness on the witness stand during a criminal trial is known as:
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Testimony
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21. Which of the following is NOT one of the five goals of contemporary sentencing discussed in class?
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Diversion
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22. True / False Specific deterrence is aimed at preventing future crimes by offenders.
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True
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23. Miley Cyrus broke into a number of houses and took a bunch of selfies while she was twerking. As part of her sentencing for breaking into the homes, the judge ordered that she would spend 500 hours working with others explaining how wrong it is to break into other peoples homes to take selfies while twerking. Which of the following goals of contemporary criminal sentencing does this exemplify?
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Restoration
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24. Which of the following is one of the concerns with Truth In Sentencing laws discussed in class?
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Cost
-The extension of these provisions to non-violent crime -Federal involvement with the state’s rights to set sentences |
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25. Which of the following best explains the effect of victim-impact statements?
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Victim-impact statements have little effect on a judge’s sentences
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26. The imposition of a criminal sanction by a judicial authority is known as:
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Sentencing
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27. A goal of criminal sentencing that attempts to make the victim “whole again” is known as?
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Restoration
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28. The two fundamental sentencing principles discussed in class were?
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Proportionality and Equity
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29. Which of the following is NOT one of the sentencing alternatives discussed in class?
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Capital Punishment
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30. A method that allows crime victims to present evidence, either orally or in writing, for the court to consider when imposing a sentence on an offender is:
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Victim Impact statements
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31. True / False Circumstances relating to the commission of a crime that make it more grave than the average instance of that crime is an aggravating circumstance.
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True
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32. PSI stands for?
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Pre-Sentence Investigation
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33. Which of the following is an example of public shaming?
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Justin Bieber has to wear a t-shirt that says “I Pee in Restaurant Mop Buckets” every time he goes into a restaurant
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34. A sentencing principle that holds that the severity of sanctions should bear a direct relationship to the seriousness of the crime committed is known as:
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Proportinality
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35. The use of imprisonment or other means to reduce the likelihood that an offender will commit further offenses is known as:
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Incapactiation
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36. Which of the following are things the defendant does?
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Select and retain counsel
Decide what information to provide Decide what information to withhold Decide what plea to enter |
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37. Evidence that may be direct or circumstantial that consists of physical material or shows traces of physical activity is known as:
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Real Evidence
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38. Taylor Swift is arrested and convicted for one count of making too many hit songs and two counts of making too much money from them with each count costing her a year in a prison cell with Miley Cyrus. The judge wants her to serve all of her time at once. This type of sentencing strategy is known as a:
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Concurrent Sentence
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39. True / False General deterrence is directed at preventing crime among the general population.
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True
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40. Another name for the Marvin K. Peterson Building on campus is:
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Library
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