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criminal investigations

Criminal Investigations

by jbauer5, Jun. 2019

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105 Cards in this Set

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	Criminal investigation	Is the process of legally gathering evidence of a crime that has been or is being committed
	Bias	A highly personal and unreason distortion of judgment
	Crime	An act or omission forbidden by law and punishable by fine, imprisonment or death
	Circumstantial evidence	Not based on actual personal knowledge or observation of the facts in controversy come a but of other facts from which deductions are drawn, showing indirectly the facts sought to be proved
	Complainant	Person requesting an investigation or action that Action is taken
	Corpus delecti	The body or substance of the crime. In law the term refers to proof establishing that a crime has occurred, the necessary elements that constitute a crime
	Elements of a crime	Conditions that must occur for an act to be called a specific kind of crime Element of offense” means:(A) the forbidden conduct;(B) the required culpability;(C) any required result; and(D) the negation of any exception to the offense
	Evidence	Anything to be offered in court to prove the truth or falsity Of a fact in issue
	Fence	One who receives and disposes of stolen property on a regular basis
	Field identification	On the scene identification of a suspect by the victim of or witness to a crime, Conducted within minutes of the commission of a crime
	Prejudice	Any opinion or learning adverse to anything without just grounds for before obtaining sufficient knowledge
	Modus operandi	A criminal's characteristic method of operation
	Proof beyond a reasonable doubt	The level of proof required to obtain a conviction in a criminal trial
	Probable cause	Evidence that warrants a person of reasonable caution in the belief that a crime has been committed or is being committed
	Rapport	A feeling of ease and harmony in a contact or relationship between people
	Reasonable doubt	The level of certainty ager must have to find a defendant guilty of a crime
	Statement	A legal narrative description of events related to a crime
	Suspect	A person considered to be directly or indirectly connected with a crime, either by overt act or by planning and/or directing it
	Witness	A person who saw a crime or some part of it being committed or who has relevant information
	Victim	The person injured by a crime
	Criminal investigation tools	Information Instrumentation or forensic science Interviewing Laws of arrest search and seizure
	Goals of a criminal investigator	To determine if a crime has been committed To legally obtain information and evidence to a dentify the persons responsible for committing the crime To legally arrest the suspects To recover stolen property To present the best case possible to the prosecutor
	Characteristics of a criminal investigator	Suspicious Curious observant Unbiased and unprejudiced Develops rapport through interpersonal communication skills
	Professional Criminals, Thief	Profit motive Minimize Chances of observation Lack of eye witnesses May be traced with recovered property Requires planning, Direction, Operating skills Type of property maybe an important clue Often work with fences
	Professional heavy criminal	Felony theft Burglary White collar crimes Larceny Vehicle theft Agricultural crime Agricultural crime arson
	Semi professional and skilled thief	Profit motive, Maybe drugs instead of money Targets are more opportunistic Less planning or preparation More of a danger when interrupted her cornered More prone to violence and less rational
	Burglar	Can gain entry by stealth or defeating it locks/alarms Distinguishes between valuable and worthless items during burglary Type of burglary maybe clue to suspect at entity Residential premises, commercial premises, safe, vehicle
	Robber	Indicates a tendency to use violence Boulder personality The 2 types are ambush and planned operations Ambushes are least planned based on surprise Planned operation are carefully structured. May use dry runs or casing May specialize in specific targets Modus operandi may help in typing The use of backup create a special hazard for Leo's
	I identity theft	They sumption of another person's identity for use and fraudulent transactions
	Con artist	Promises Unusual return Uses victims greed Uses props and works with partners Often Praise on elderly Very mobile and non violent
	White collar criminal	Frequently involved in customer and Business frauds Consumer frauds are generally classed as bait and switch and Repair fraud Profit motive Embezzlers think they will be auto replace the funds Monetary losses are astronomical rivaled only by drug for trafficking Nonviolent
	White color business Fraud	Ponzi scheme or kiting Securities fraud Land fraud Advance fee fraud Home improvement fraud Insurance fraud Embezzlement Computer frog
	Forgery and credit card abuse	Least violent Forging Use of false or stone ID card Con presentation Con artist sense of right time place and vic
	Auto thief	Comprise to both amateurs and professionals Unauthorized use of motor vehicles Joy riding And transportation thief Use in crime Insurance Fraud Strippers and dismantler Professional
	Street theif	Often carry weapons Take reckless chances to avoid apprehension Usually for drugs and alcohol
	Gray market vehicle	Cars not produced for sale in US Mercedes Benz most Common V INS will appear differently
	Homicides	Anger killing, disputes anger attack death cycle Revenge or jealousy killing Triangle killing Killing for profit Random killing, Most difficult to solve Drive by shooting Murder suicide Sex and sadism Felony murder
	Sexual assault	are acts of violence Perpetrators purpose is to exercise power over victime Not crimes of sexual desire Means of control is important in classification Force of threat of force Administering drugs including alcohol Cooperation issues with victime due to psychological trauma Officers attitude has significant bearing on the victim's ability to deal with crime and assist lawn fortune Dating violence is increasing and should be treated as forcible rape
	For methods of gaining sexual access to a person	Consent Pressure Force Drug facilitated assault
	Opportunist Rapist	Takes advantage of situation Typically intoxicated Uses minimal force or threat Typically not a repeat offender
	Sadistic rapist	Aggression and violence are eroticized Act symbolic of destruction/elimination Victim is symbolic of person you want to destroy Is calculated and pre planned offender brings weapons Salt is ritualistic involves torture Injuries to sexual areas of body Vic maybe mutilated and murdered Obsessed with sadism Masochism collects sexual device
	Anger rapist	Wants to assert masculinity To punish or degrade Uses Blitz approach Angry or depressed Assaults are usually short in duration Languages abusive and obscene Victim is selected for availability Frequently impotent may use devices assault spontaneous and sporadic
	Power rapist	Wants to prove his masculinity Wants to control and sexual possess the victim to feel adequate Uses a con or suspension approach Uses threat or force to overcome resistance Mood is anxious Languages in Inquisitive and instructional Assault maybe extended in duration Victim selected for specific characteristics and availability The fences are obsessive and repetitive Frequently commits date and acquaintance rapes Often apologizes after Assault
	Categories of pedophiles	Situational:,dont have a true interest in children. Experiment when stressors add. Fewest numbers of vics. Also preys on elderly sick preferential: prefer child for personal and sexual gratification. Will seek out children and access to them. Multiple vics. Kid porn
	Situational pedophiles	Regressed morally indiscriminate naive or inadequate
	Regressed	situational occurrence that impels him traditional involved adults, married, family with stressors children become outlet geographically stable,employment, possible intoxication
	Morally indiscriminate	abuse of all available, kids not overall goal. try sexually can be biologically kid or by marriage for convenience
	Naive or inadequate	mentally disordered, no concept right and wrong known for being bizarre or strange loners not by choice, not capable of relationships doesn't injure but experiments
	Preferential Pedophile	Prefer children as providers of personal and sexual Gratification Will seek out children or access to children Will have multiple victims Will have a collection of child Porn • Subtypes are mysoped and fixated • Subtypes are mysoped and fixated • Subtypes are mysoped and fixated • Subtypes are mysoped and fixated
	Mysoped	Say just made the connection between sexual gratification and postma violence Usually male Vick is stranger may stalk rather than seduce and use size advantages Has no love for victum Premeditated and Ritualized
	Important factors when profiling Molesters	Victimization ritual Method of Selection Abduction process
	Common psychological defenses	Denial Minimization Justification Fabrication Attack
	Assaults	In many cases make them knows assailant Aggravated assaults are often failed murder attempt Victime often changes mind about prosecution When victim does not know perpetrator conduct more like homicide investigation
	Abused and sexually exploited children	Officers approach to investigation similar to sexual assault cases Involvement with medical Practitioners common social workers, counselors comic psychologist is necessary
	Children reaction to fear	fear shock dream about violence bed-wetting shock guilt usually I'll low self esteem aggressive confused tearful anxious about separation Regressed isolated temper tantrums
	3 to 6 years old	Most affected. Able to say who and show what but
	6 to 11 years	Feel responsible. Model dad behavior. Confused about parents. Can give a narrative but not times
	Adolescents and teens	Teen issues magnified. Incomplete narrative but understanding implications.
	Dont lie to kids	Or make promises you can't keep
	Characteristics of abusive parents	Seem unconcerned about child See child is badd, evil karma monster Offer illogical unconvincing and contradictory Explanations Explanations Explanations Attempt to conceal injury Harsh unreasonable discipline in appropriate child's age had demanding parents Couldn't depend on parents for love Expect children to fill their emotional needs Expect rejection, low selfesteem, poor self image Emotionally Imature Isolated no support system May abuse drugs and alcohol May abuse drugs and alcohol threatened and your child K otic home life and no coping skills
	Mom who child is victim of family sex abuse	Knows about abuse but subconsciously denies it failed report feared Destroying marriage Sexual activity in family may be preferable
	Elder abuse	Major types Neglect Abuse Exploitation Self neglect most common
	Hate crime	A criminal offense against the person or property which is motivated by the Offender's bias against race, Religion Elements of crime must include motive to prove
	Pulmonary investigation procedures	Establish if a crime has been committed Secure description if available in transmit to dispatch Locate and interview victim and witnesses Determine how the crime was committed personal injuries in nature/value of property taken Record all data about crime scene
	Autopsy	A post mortem examination of the body
	Post mortem lividity	Dark blue discoloration observable on parts of the body nearest the ground appears to hours after death
	Rigor mortis	Stiffening of the muscles after death. Starts at lower neck and jaw spreading downward. General rule 5 to 6 hours after death. Disappears within 36 hours following the same path
	Body temperature	98.6. The cooling rate is dependent on temperature in the air manner in which bodies clothes and size of person
	Putrefaction	The composition of body tissues
	Cadaveric spasm	Deathgrip. Severe Injury to the central nervous system
	Atomic absorption test	Determines quantitative and proportional concentrations of specific elements and materials through analysis's of a vaporous ample
	Laser examination	Detection of finger prints and examination of questioned documents
	D n a	Useful for blood stains hair roots semen virginal fluid.
	Luminal	A chemical method for detecting latent blood
	Determine upon arrival At Seen	If suspects are at near seen by observing unusual activity persons vehicles Appropriate tactical action if suspect is at scene and offenses in progress weapons involved Number of suspects Is backup request appropriate Search parameter building for open windows or doors Locate victim witness complainant and reporting party Solicit information from persons in immediate area find and develop informants separate witnesses
	ID serious bodily injury	If person is alive and conscious obtain identification and information about Next of kin
	ID death	Obtain permission from medical examiner or Justice of peace to move or disturbed body To look for ID
	Special units	EMS for injuries Medical examiner JP Bomb squad Fire department Military Narcotics investigators Other agencies Technicians Supervisors Detectives
	Establish crime scene perimeter	Should keep in mind over all size and multiple locations Protect crime scene from contamination and removal of evidence Use other officers rope or tape barricades and other personnel
	Crime scene search	A planned and Coordinated legal search of a crime seemed to locate physical evidence or witnesses to the crime under investigation
	Point to point search	Can be used as pulmonary step in evaluating seen Can be disorganized come a trace evidence may be overlooked Movement in order of evidence found
	Strip search	This method in both single and double form is among the most effective for outside searches
	Quadrant or sector search	Effective for indoor and outdoor scenes that have regular patterns or defined borders.
	Circular search	Useful when an item is missing from the center and the search must be conducted rapidly
	Area search	Effective in examining specific and small areas with defined borders
	Aerial search	May employ Infra red
	Search implementation Procedure	Determined starting point based on priorities/evidence Establish headquarters Conduct breathing and give pertinent information Discuss and establish the speed of search Assign areas of responsibility Maintain communication with all searchers Effect rechecking procedures
	Summoning assistance for search	When physical characteristics make it impractical for one person When expertise is needed beyond those present What personality are available Degree of thoroughness
	Leaving the scene	When released from responsibility When not needed When directed
	The 1st photo of crime scene	Should be of a card identifying photographer date location and case number
	Starting photos	Should be exterior to Interior or with a landmark to locate evidence then to detail from the farthest relevant point
	The 2 methods of measuring for a crime scene sketch	Made with a standard acceptable measuring device Triangulation Rectangulation
	Crime scene sketch	Is catch is a drying which represents the crime scene and serves to Supplement photography by providing accurate information concerning the distance between various points at the scene. Helpful in reconstructing the scene Sketches record exact locations and relationships of pieces of evidence and surroundings of grumps I
	Preparing a crime scene sketch	Orientation Measurement Key Title Scale
	Types of Types of crime scene sketches	Perspective Projection Schematic Detail
	Perspective sketch	3 dimensional sketch. Objects are drawn the way they P appeared to the eyeWith reference to relative distance or depth. Useful when no cameras available
	Projection sketch	A bird's eye view. All places and objects are drawn on one plane as seen from a both. Cross projection is drawn with all walls Laid flat.
	Schematic sketch	Employed when it is desirable to represent an orderly combination of events which have occurred. Traffic Accident report.
	Detailed sketch	Employed when a small area is not illustrated due to scale.
	Chain of custody	Chain of custody is the process which records transactions of evidence from person to person since its acquisition and bought lawn force ment agency. Maintains exactly what happened to the evidence.
	General considerations in handling of evidence	Preserve its integrity, Preserve its value to the owner and mark evidence if possible.
	Evidence types	Fruits of a crime Tools over crime Contraband Mere evidence
	Packaging evidence	Purpose of packaging is to prevent breaking spoiling loss and contamination Use paper instead of plastic bags to reduce contamination is Spoiling What evidence should be allowed to dry before Liquid blood must be refrigerated
	Safety precautions	Standard blood borne pathogen Techniques
	Firearms evidence	Physical appearance of weapons should be noted before it's moved Note position of slide or bolt hammer, firing pin, safety Clear weapon Left weapon with gloves if possible and by textured portions of firearm Do not clean or strip weapon

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