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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Horizontal Plea bargaining vs. Vertical
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H- Fewer number of charges.
V- Less severe charges |
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What affects UCR data?
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Size of department, level of education of cops, Victim's social class, race, education, Money, department policies, race of victim/social class of offender
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Spurious factors vs. aggravating/accentuating factors
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S- Unrelated (ice cream and crime rates)
A- Relate, aggravate/add to |
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Macro vs. Micro differentiation
(Inter vs. Intra crime specificity) |
Macro/Inter- Different crimes for different reasons
Micro/Intra- Same crime for different reasons |
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What does medicine have that criminology doesn't? (3)
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Diagnostic instruments, knowledge, modes of treatment.
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Three errors of criminology
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Alpha- no one specific cause for all criminal behavior.
Beta- Something's not a cause if it rarely causes it (maybe aggravating) Type three- We should assume deviance, explain conformity |
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Kohlberg Model (3 levels)
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1. Fear of punishment (short term)
2. Promise of reward (long term) 3. Altruistic motivation |
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Specific vs. general deterrence
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S- Punish the individual
G- deter society |
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4 components of deterrence theory
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Swiftness, certainty (30-50%), severity, clarity
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Blackstone's Rational Man Theory
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Cost vs. benefits, we make the decision
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Certainty Severity Reciprocity Phenomenon
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Raise the severity of a punishment= decrease frequency, increase bias, vice versa
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Felony vs. misdemeanor
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Felony- 1 year+, prison (run by state)
Mis- Under 1 year, jail (run by city/county) |
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Writ of demurrer
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Argument by defense that client's action was not a crime.
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Corpus delecti (definition and 3 parts)
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Elements of a crime. Actus reus (the act), mens rea (the intent), reasonable man test.
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Levels of mensrea (least to most severe)-
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General negligence, recklessness, general intent, specific malice, premeditated
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Required levels of mensrea (3)
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1st Degree murder- Premeditation
Felony- Specific malice Misd- General intent Punitive damages- recklessness Compensatory damages- gen neg. |
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Reasonable man test
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Remote, unforeseeable, indirect consequences.
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3 kinds of homicide
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Justifiable (defense, court ordered, cops)
Excusable (accident, incapable [children/mentally ill]) Criminal |
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Levels of intent/degree murder
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1st degree- premeditated
2nd- specific malice Voluntary manslaughter- general intent Involuntary manslaughter- recklessness Statutory manslaughter- general negligence |
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Mandamus vs. injunction
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M- Court order requiring someone to do something
I- Court order to stop an action |
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Four big street drugs-
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Marijuana, cocaine/crack, meth, heroine
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Immanual Kant- To have absolute justice, must have (4)
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Identify all lawbreakers, apprehend, punish, knowledge of intent
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Four mistakes of justice
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Innocent punished, guilty escape punishment, guilty punished more/less than deserve.
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Efficacy
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Money, power, position, charm
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Justice system's three priorities:
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1. Keep rich rich
2. Ethics 3. Social peace and stability |
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The Foundings:
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Unfounding- ignore known crimes
Founding- report crimes that would go unreported Defounding- adjust severity of known offense |
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Intrusion curve
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Intrusion v. protection
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Evolutionary cycle of social revolution
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Crime control v. Due process cycle, too much crime control is too harsh, revolution. Too much DP, too much deviance
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Extradite
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Move a person from one government to another (state, country, etc.)
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Genie coefficient
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Socioeconomic difference
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Tipping points
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Moments in life that completely change the trajectory
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Criminal justice v. Criminology
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CJ- Mechanisms used by govt. to prevent/punish crime
C- Science of it, why, how, etc. |
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Father of modern criminology
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Lumbroso
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Internal factors of crime
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Glands, hormones, etc.
Genes- 12 genes Brain development abnormalities Neurotransmitters too many/few |
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External factors of crime
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Toxic materials
Prenatal exposure to chemicals General nutrition |
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Differential opportunity
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Keeping up with the Jones, relative depravation
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Cultural v. Subcultural conflicts
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C- different cultural acceptability
S- different religions, beliefs competing |
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Time served before parole eligible
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1/3 of maximum time
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Youth facts
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Less than 25 do more crimes- youth bulge means more violence
Desistance- 25+ cease and desist crimes |
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Bare branches
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More male youth than female causes increase in violence
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Displacement
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Crack down in one area, they´ll do crime elsewhere or switch crimes
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Insanity test
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Lack capacity to appreciate wrongfulness of act
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Free v. guilty by insanity
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F- Health and Human Services follows up, requires meds, etc
G- Regional center, prison when sane? |
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Differences between crim and civil court
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Crim- Beyond reasonable doubt, prosecutor, penalty/punishment, unanimous jury, few/no appeals, higher mens rae
Civil- Proponderance, plaintiff, money/tangible asset, no unanimous jury required, appeals, lower mens rae |