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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Social structure |
(Social environment) refers to physical features of communities and the way society is organized |
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Aspirations (Durkheim) |
Individuals are naturally selfish and have unlimited aspirations that if left unchecked by society would result in chaos. |
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Socialization and social ties |
Mechanisms that help society to restrain these aspirations. |
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Anomie |
Normlessness Previously controlled aspirations now become unlimited leaving people feeling adrift and more prone to suicide. |
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Social integration |
People with weaker ties have low social integration They have fewer sources of support in times of personal trouble and therefore have higher suicide rates |
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Social disorganization Shaw and McKay |
Breakdown in social bonds and social control and on the accompanying confusion regarding how to behave. |
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Social ecology |
Relationship of people to their environment. |
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Concentric zones (Park and Burgess) |
Divided Chicago into 5 concentric zones Zones differed widely in their physical and social characteristics Outer areas had wealthier girl and more spacious streets Inner zones had poorer more crowded housing and other symptoms of social disorganization. |
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Problems with social disorganization theory |
Cannot explain middle class delinquency since they do not live in conditions of social disorganization Bias against people of color and poor in official records |
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Economic deprivation |
Extreme poverty |
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Economic deprivation |
Extreme poverty |
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Relative deprivation |
Realizing that not everyone around you is poor |
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Places vs People stark |
Kinds of Places matter more than Kinds of people |
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Strain |
Results when people’s aspirations become uncontrolled and unfulfilled |
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Adaptations to anomie |
First is conformity Second is innovation Third is ritualism Fourth is retreatism Fifth is rebellion |
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General strain theory Agnew |
Adolescent strain results not only from failure to achieve economic goals but also from failure to achieve noneconomic goals Removal of positive stimuli |
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Focal concerns Walter miller |
1 trouble 2 toughness 3 smartness 4 excitement 5 fate 6 autonomy |
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Differential opportunity theory (cloward and ohlin) |
Available opportunities in a neighborhood. |
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Subculture of violence (Wolfgang) |
Explains the high level of violence among poor urban males Approved use of violence as a response to insults and personal slights. Middle class men walk away Lower class men respond with force. |
