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Description: Scapula
Weight of upper extremity createsdownward rotation and protractionmoment on the scapula
Static Stabilizers: SCAPULA
■ Cohesive forces of subscapularbursa, SC, and AC joint ligaments
■ Scapulothoracic fascia
Muscular Stabilizers: SCAPULA
Scapulothoracic musculature, especiallyupper, middle, and lower trapezius,serratus anterior, levator scapula, andrhomboids
Description:Glenohumeral joint
In dependent position: if scapula is innormal alignment, weight of armcreates an inferior translationmoment on the humerus
GH Static Stabilizers: In dependent position: if scapula is in normal alignment, weight of arm creates an inferior translation moment on the humerus
■ Superior capsule, superior GHligament, and coracohumeralligament are taut
■ Adhesive and cohesive forces ofsynovial fluid and negative jointpressure hold surfaces together
■ Slight upward inclination of glenoidand labrum deepens fossa andimproves congruency; acts asinferior barrier
GH Muscular Stabilizers: In dependent position: if scapula is in normal alignment, weight of arm creates an inferior translation moment on the humerus
Rotator cuff, deltoid, long head of bicepsbrachii, pectoralis major, latissimusdorsi, and teres major
When the humerus is elevating andthe scapula is rotating upward
GH Static Stabilizers: When the humerus is elevating and the scapula is rotating upward
■ Tension placed on static restraintsby the rotator cuff
■ Glenohumeral ligaments limitexcessive translations ofhumeral head
GH Muscular Stabilizers: When the humerus is elevating and the scapula is rotating upward
■ Rotator cuff and deltoid; elbow actionbrings in two-joint muscle support
■ Long head of biceps stabilizes againsthumeral elevation
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