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when treating children/adolescents, parents should understand that pharmacological management is most effective when accompanied by _____________
techniques to modify behavior
what are the type of meds used to treat children/adolescents with mental health issues?
1. TCAs
2. antipsychotics
3. nonbarbiturate/atypical anxiolytics
4. CNS stimulants
5. norepinephrine selective reuptake inhibitors
name the CNS stimulants and their co rresponding short-acting, intermediate-acting, or long-acting brands
1. methylphenidate (short: Ritalin, Methylin; intermediate: Ritalin SR, Methylin ER; long-acting Ritalin LA, Concerta, Daytrana)
2. dexmethylphenidate (short: Focelin; long: Focalin XR)
3. dextroamphetamine (short: Dexedrine; long: Dexedrine spansule)
4. amphetamine mixture (short: Adderall; long: Adderall XR)
5. lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (long: Vyvanse)
MOA of CNS stimulants
raise levels of norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine into the CNS
what are the therapeutic uses of CNS stimulants
1. ADHD
2. Conduct disorder
what are the adverse effects of CNS stimulants?
1. CNS stimulation
2. weight loss
3. cardiovascular effects
4. development of psychotic manifestations
5. withdrawal reaction
6. hypersensitivity skin reaction to transdermal methylphenidate
how is methylphenidate normall administered?
transdermal patch
what are the adverse CNS stimulation effects of CNS stimulants?
insomnia, restlessness
what are the cardiovascular effects of CNS stimulants?
dysrhythmias, chest pain, high BP; may increase risk of sudden death in clients who have heart abnormalities
what are the adverse psychotic manifestations of CNS stimulants?
hallucinations, paranoia
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