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How do we analyze categorical data or ordinal data?
•How do we analyze categorical data or ordinal data?
–One sample tests for a single proportion
–Cross tabulation tables
–Relative Risks, Odds Ratios
–Chi Square Test of Independence
When do we use One Sample Test of Proportion ?
One Sample Test of Proportion :
•Interested in estimating the proportion of individuals with a certain quality in a population
One sample test of proportionsusing SAS
One sample test of proportions using SAS
proc freq data=name;
tables var / binomial(p=p0);
run;
Note:
-binomial’ provides the binomial proportion, confidence limits and tests for one-way tables
-p=p0 Null hypothesis probability (default is 0.50)
SAS CommentsOrder of Levels in PROC FREQ
SAS CommentsOrder of Levels:
•PROC FREQ will run a binomial testassuming that the probability of interest is the first level of the variable(in sorting order) in the TABLES statement.
SAS Comments Order of Levels .
Modified SAS Program
Ifthe variable had been coded 0 (no) and 1 (yes)
Ifthe variable had been coded 0 (no) and 1 (yes) the following code would beappropriate
procfreq data=in.pbkid;
tables colic/ binomial(p=0.07 level=2);
Odds of event
The odds of an event is simply the probability of the event occurring divided by the probability of the event not occurring
NOTE:Another way to think about odds is the ratio of the number in the sample who have the outcome of interest to the number who do not
ie.Ratio of people
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