Comparative Anatomy Of The Skeletal System

Front 1

what are the 3 types of skulls in dogs

Back 1

Dolichocephalic (long head)
mesaticephalic (moderate head)
brachycephalic (short head)

Front 2

what is the mandibular symphysis in dogs and cats?
how is it different in horses

Back 2

cartilaginous joint that joins the 2 sides of the mandible
in the horse, the mandible is fused

Front 3

what are some common skull problems in brachiocephalic dogs

Back 3

defective teeth
difficulty breathing-distorted nasal bones
-shallow eye sockets
-dystocia: difficult birth due to large head

Front 4

what is the corneal process in cattle? what possible problems can arise from it?

Back 4

the frontal sinus
horn core
-when dehorning, frontal sinus can be exposed to the environment and possibly infected

Front 5

what are some problems in development in the spine

Back 5

spinal bifida
hemi vertebrae
scoliosis
wobblers
intervertebral disk disease

Front 6

what is spina bifida

Back 6

a cleft or space in the dorsal part of the verterbral columb

Front 7

what is hemi vertebrae

Back 7

failure of the vertebral body to ossify resulting in an improperly formed vertebra

Front 8

describe "wobblers"

Back 8

cervical vertebral instability
-narrowing ofthe spinal canal in the the cervical region
-compresses the spinal cord

Front 9

what is the difference in scapulas between grazers and carnivores

Back 9

scapular cartilage is well developed in grazers, and poorly developed in carnivores

Front 10

what is the major difference in radius/ulna of dogs and cats from horses and ruminants

Back 10

the radius and ulna are fused in the horses and ruminants

Front 11

how many bones generally form the carpus

Back 11

8

Front 12

describe the carpus of the dog and cat

Back 12

radial and intermediate bones are fused

Front 13

describe the carpus of ruminants

Back 13

first carpal bone is missing and 2nd and 3rd are fused

Front 14

describe the carpus of horses

Back 14

first carpal bone is may or may not be present

Front 15

describe the metacarpal in carnivores

Back 15

mc 1 is reduced and the corresponding digit is weight bearing (dew claw)

Front 16

describe the metacarpals in ruminants

Back 16

mc 1 and 2 are missing
mc 3 and 4 are fused (cannon bone)
mc 5 no digit

Front 17

describe the metacarpals in equine

Back 17

mc 1 and 5 are missing
mc 2 and 4 are reduced (splint bones)
mc 3 only one to support a digit and bear weight (cannon bone)

Front 18

Digits

Back 18

proximal phalanx
middle phalanx
distal phalanx

Front 19

how many weight bearing digits to carnivores have

Back 19

4
digits 2,3,4,5

Front 20

describe the digits of ruminants

Back 20

2 weight bearing digits 3,4
2 dewclaws 2,5

Front 21

describe the digits of horses

Back 21

1 weight bearing digit 3
long pastern
short pastern
coffin bone

Front 22

note the sesamoid bones of the equine

Back 22

-proximal sesamoids located within the fetlock
distal sesamoids located at junciton of middle and distal phalanx

Front 23

describe the horses ability to sleep standing up

Back 23

lock knees in place
-trochlear tubercle is very prominent
-part of the stay apparatus or patellar lock mechanism

Front 24

describe the tarsus

Back 24

2 rows of bones
5-7 bones depending on the species

Front 25

describe the ruminant tarsus

Back 25

central and t4 are fused
t2 and 3 are fused

Front 26

describe the equine tarsus

Back 26

t1 and t2 are fused

Front 27

describe the metatarsals in the carnivore

Back 27

mt1 is smaller than mc1

Front 28

describe the metatarsals in ruminants

Back 28

mt5 is absent
mt3 and 4 are fused

Front 29

describe the metatarsals in felines

Back 29

metatarsals are much longer than metacarpals