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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is an aggregate
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Population group with common characteristics
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What is community-based nursing
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Minor acute and chronic care that is comprehensive and coordinated where people work, live, or attend school; illness care provided outside the acute care setting
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What is community health nursing
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The use of systematic processes to deliver care to individuals, families, and community groups with a focus on promoting, preserving, protecting, and maintaining health.
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What is community-oriented nursing
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Care of a population of individuals, families, and groups, or the community as a whole
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What is public health nursing
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population-based practice, defined as a synthesis of nursing and public helath within the context of preventing disease and disability and promoting and protecting the health of the entire community
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Government’s three core functions in addressing the health of its citizens are
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1. It assesses healthcare problems
2. Intervenes by developing relevant healthcare policy that provides access to services 3. Ensures the services are delivered and outcomes achieved |
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Ten Great Public Health Achievements in US 1900-1999
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1. Vaccination
2. Motor vehicle safety 3. Safer workplaces 4. Control of infectious diseases 5. Decline in coronary heart disease and stroke deaths 6. Safer and healthier foods 7. Healthier mothers and babies 8. Family planning 9. Fluoridation of drinking water 10. Recognition of tobacco as a health hazard. |
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Social determinants of health are...
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social conditions in which people live and work
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Healthcare disparities are...
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gaps in health care experienced by one population compared with another
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What are the differences between medicare and medicaid?
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o Medicare is for people 65 and up and for people with disabilities
o Medicaid is based on income-eligibility. It is a federal program that is administered by each state • Eg. New York tends to be a very generous state, vs Texas has much stricter regulations o One person can be eligible for Medicare and Medicaid simultaneously |
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What is the benefit of PPACA mandating health insurance for all citizens and permanent residents?
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- Provides funds for preventative measures
- Anybody running a hospital will always get paid for their services - Bigger pool of healthier people will lower cost of health insurance across the board |
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Three Major Changes in Health Care in the Twenty-first Century
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1. Development of patient/client-centered care
2. Increased use of technology - Home monitoring devices: eg glucose finger sticks that transfer information to a nurse immediately, home blood pressure monitoring cuff - Medical devices that keep people alive forever 3. Increased personal responsibility for health |
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What are components involved in patient/client-centered care
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- Cultural traditions
- Personal preferences - Values - Families - Lifestyles |
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What is the average number of medical devices introduced each year?
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32
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What is Health Information Technology?
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HIT is comprehensive management of health information and its exchange between consumers, providers, government, and insurers in a secure manner
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What are the patient/client care benefits of health information technology?
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o Improved coordination of care
o Support for evidence-based care o Elimination of paperwork o Reduced error o Expand access to affordable care o Decreased health care costs o Improved overall health outcomes in both individual people and populations |
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What are the public health benefits of health information technology?
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o Increased prevention of disease and disability
o Earlier detection of infectious disease outbreaks o Improved tracking of chronic disease management • This one is a big deal o Increased availability of health care evaluation measures • Registries: so you could see averages of lab values within a specific community (eg the A1C levels of patients with diabetes at Guveneers) o More accurate assessments of the disease and disability burden in the community |
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What is the Quad Council of Public Health Nursing Organizations?
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An alliance of four national nursing organizations that address public health nursing issues in the United States, comprised of the following:
- Association of Community Health Nurse Educators - ANA's Congress on Nursing Practice and Economics - American Public Health Association (APHA) - Public Health Nursing Station - Association of State and Territorial Directors of Nursing |
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What are the caregiver responsibilities of a public health nurse?
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Implement the nursing process in meeting the healthcare needs for individuals, families, groups, and the communities
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What are the case manager, coordinator responsibilities of a public health nurse?
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Liaise between clients and the agency or other healthcare systems.
Design a comprehensive plan to meet client needs. Communicate with other providers about client needs. Refer clients to community resources necessary to meet their needs Coordinate and oversee healthcare services and client care given by others |
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What are the advocate responsibilities of a public health nurse?
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Act on behalf of clients who have lost control of factors that affect their health and a need is unmet. Identify a need. Collect information related to the need. Present options to the client.
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What is the counselor responsibilities of a public health nurse?
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Work with clients in using the problem-solving process: identify and clarify the problem, help client identify alternate solutions, establish criteria for client decision-making, evaluate alternative solutions, evaluate outcomes
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How does the public health nurse work as a collaborator?
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Communicate with other members of the healthcare team in resolving client needs. Participate in joint decision-making. Evaluate outcomes with other healthcare team members. Engage in community healthcare activities. Foster community collaborative relationships.
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How does the public health nurse work as a coalition builder?
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Foster and participate in community-wide alliances to achieve a specific goal. Mobilize community groups as necessary
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How does a public health nurse work as a policy advocate?
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Promote beneficial social changes that influence the health of groups and populations.
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How does the public health nurse work as a culture broker?
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Mediate or bridge interactions between individuals or groups of people with differing cultural backgrounds. Promote cultural understanding. Assist in the reduciton of cultural conflicts. Provide language interpretations
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How does the public health nurse work as a case finder?
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Identify occurrences of specific diseases or conditions as a means of protecting the health of the population. Use epidemiologic investigation techniques to watch for signs of epidemics and evaluate the results.
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Who is Lemuel Shattuck?
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He prepared a report for the Massachusettes Sanitary Commission, which recommendations became the foundation of the sanitation movement in the United States, and helped to dramatically increase the life expectancy that occurred in the next 150 years.
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Who is Dorothea Dix?
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Best known for her work with people in prisons and mental hospitals.
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Who is Clara Barton?
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Distributed supplies to wounded soldiers and caring for the casualties during the Civil War. She lobbied and convinced Congress to ratify the Treaty of Geneva, and the American Red Cross was established with an extended mission -- to provide aid for natural disasters
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Who is Lillian Ward?
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She moved into Lower East Side Tenements to provide care for those living there. She also helped establish the Henry Street Settlement that became the Visiting Nurse Association of New York City. She also helped found the Columbia School of Nursing :)
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Who is Mary Breckinridge?
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She founded the Frontier Nursing Service in 1925, providing midwifery services to women in remote areas
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Who was the first nurse to be employed by the USPHS?
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Pearl McIver. Her primary role was to provide consultation services to state public health departments, which resulted in an increase in local public health nurse employment.
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What are diagnosis-related groups?
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Designed to lower costs through reduced hospital stays -- implemented by Medicare
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