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76 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
communication
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the process of acting on information
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human communication
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the process of making sense out of the world and attempting to share that sense with others by creating meaning through verbal and nonverbal messages.
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ethics
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the beliefs, values, and moral principles by which we determine what is right or wrong.
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source
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originator of a thought or emotion, who puts it into a code that can be understood by a receiver
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encoding
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a process of translating ideas, feelings, and thoughts into a code.
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decoding
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a process of interpreting ideas, feelings, and thoughts that have been translated into a code.
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receiver
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person who decodes a message and attempts to make sense out of what the source has encoded.
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message
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written, spoken, and unspoken elements of communication to which people assign meaning.
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channel
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pathway through which messages are sent.
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noice
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information, either literal or psychological, that interferes with the accurate encoding or decoding of the message
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feedback
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response to a message
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context
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physical and psychological communication environment
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content
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the part of the message that focuses on the new information, ideas, or suggested actions that a communicator wishes to share; communicates what is said
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relationship
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the aspect of a communication message that offers cues about the emotions, attitudes, and the amount of power and control the speaker directs toward others; communicates how something is said
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rule
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a followable prescription that indicates what behavior is expected or preferred as well as prohibited in a specific situation.
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intrapersonal communication
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communication that occurs within yourself, including your thoughts and emotions
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language
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the system of symbols (words or vocabulary) structured by rules (grammar) that makes it possible for people to understand one another
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symbol
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a word,figure, sound, or expression that represents a thought, concept, object, or idea
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other oriented
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focusing on the needs and concerns of others while maintaining one's personal integrity
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adapt
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to adjust both what is communicated and how a message is communicated; to make choices about how best to formulate a message and respond to others to achieve your communication goals
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interpersonal communication
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communication that occurs simultaneously with another person in attempt to mutually influence one another, usually for the purpose of managing relationships.
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impersonal communication
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communiation that treats people as objects, or that responds only to their roles, rather than who they are as unique people
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group
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a collection of three to fifteen people who have a common goal, feel a sense of belonging to the group, and influence others.
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small-group communcation
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the transactive process of creating meaning among a group
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dyad
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a two-person interaction
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team
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a coordinated small group of people organized to work together to achieve a common goal
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presentational communication
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a context of communication that occurs when a speakeraddresses a large audience in person
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rhetoric
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the process of using symbols to influence or persuade others
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subjective self-awareness
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an ability to differentiate the self from the social and physical environment
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objective self-awareness
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an ability to be the object of one's own attention, to be aware of state of mind, and to realize that one is thinking and remembering
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symbolic self-awareness
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a unique human ability to develop and communicatea representation of oneself to others
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self
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the sum total of who a person is, a person's central inner force.
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self-concept
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a person's subjective description of who he or she is
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self-image
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a person's view of self in a particular situation or circumstance
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attitude
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learned predisposition to respond to a person, object, or idea in a favorable or unfavorable way
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belief
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the way in which you structure your understanding of reality: what is true and what is false
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value
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enduring concept of good and bad, right and wrong
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material self
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your concept of self as reflected in all of the tangible things your own
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social self
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your concept of self as developed through your personal, social interactions with others
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spiritual self
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your concept of self, based on your thoughts and introspections about your values and moral standards
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self-reflexiveness
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the human ability to think about what you are doing while you are doing it
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self-esteem (self-worth)
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your evaluation of your worth or value as reflected in your perception of such things as your skills, abilities, talents, and appearance.
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sex
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a biological designation of being male or female
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gender
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a cultural construction which includes biological sex (male or female), psychological characteristics, attitudes about the sexes, and sexual oreintation
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social comparison
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process of comparing yourself to others to measure your worth in a relationship to others who are similar to you.
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self-expectations
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goals you set for yourself;how you belief you ought to behave and what you ought to accomplish
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self-fulfilling prophecy
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notion that predictions about your future actionsare likely to come true because you belive that they will come true
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self-talk
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inner speech; communication with the self
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visualization
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technique of imagining that you are performing a particular task in a certain way; a method of enhancing self-esteem
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reframing
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process of redefining events and experiences from a different point of view.
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perception
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the arousal of any of your senses
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attention
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what you attend to or notice in your environment
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selection
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what you choose to focus on within a range of stimuli in your environment
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organization
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converting information
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closure
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perceptual process of filling in missing information
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interpretation
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attaching meaning to what is attended to, selected, and organized
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stereotype
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generalization applied to persons because you perceive them to have attributes common to a particular group
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indirect perception checking
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passively seeking additional information to confirm or repute your interpretations of someone's behavior
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direct perception checking
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asking other persons or the person you are observing whether your interpretations of a perception are correct
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meaning
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how a person interprets or makes sense of a symbol
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bypassing
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the same words mean different things to different people
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denotative meaning
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restrictive or literal meaning of a word
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connotative meaning
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personal and subjective meaning of a word
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concrete meaning
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related to being able to experience a referent with one of the senses
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abstract meaning
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meaning resulting from an inability to experience a referent with one of the senses
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culture
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a learned system of knowledge, behavior, attitudes, beliefs, values, rules, and norms that is shared by a group of people and shaped from one generation to the next.
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polarization
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the tendency to describe things in extremes, as though no middle ground exists
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allness
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language that reflects unqualified, often untrue generalizations that deny individual differences or variations
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sexist (exclusive) language
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language that reveals bias in favor of one sex and against another
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heterosexist language
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language that reveals an assumption that the world is heterosexual, as if homosexuality or bisexuality did not exist
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homophobic language
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language that overtly denigrates persons of nonheterosexual orientations, usually arising out of a fear of being labeled gay or lesbian
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generic language
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general terms that stand for all persons or things within a given catagory
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trigger word
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a form of language that arouses strong emotions in listeners
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supportive communication
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language that creates a climate of trust, caring, and acceptance
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defesive communication
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language that creates a climate of hostility and distrust
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empathy
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feeling what another person is feeling
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