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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the different interactions between entities? |
1. People to people 2. People to animals 3. People to technology |
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Interpersonal communication |
Interacting face to face |
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Intrapersonal communication |
Internal dialogue |
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Feedback |
Messages that return from receiver to sender |
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Noise |
Any interference with the communication process |
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Mediated communication |
Communication that travels through any medium other than face to face |
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What are the different types of mediated communication? |
Print media, broadcast media, digital media, entertainment media |
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Print media |
Anything with the written word |
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Broadcast media |
Media that moves through transmission |
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Digital media |
Media that rides the line between print and broadcast |
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Example of entertainment media |
Film, recorded music |
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What is restricted in most forms of mass communication? |
Feedback |
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Convergence |
The merging of technologies, industries, and content |
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Example of new media technology that has moved civilization forward |
The Telegraph by Samuel Morse in 1844 - sound writing |
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"Soft invasion" / Cultural Imperialism |
Western culture and influence is imposed on local culture |
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What does cultural imperialism impact? |
Dress, behavior, tradition, beliefs |
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American directors are inspired by what films? |
French, Italian, and Chinese |
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Conglomeration |
Companies working together |
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Economies of scale |
Savings come with mass production; "the more I sell, the more money I make" |
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Synergy |
Trying to sell a product across as many mediums as possible; cross merchandising/promotion |
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Media companies grow through ___ |
Group ownership |
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2 interactions between media and government |
1. Government owns the media 2. Mixed model: privately owned and government regulated |
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Superstructure |
Culture |
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Base |
Economics |
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If you are not paying for it, you are the ___ |
Product |
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Regulation |
Legal restrictions put in place by government administrative agencies supported by sanctions and/or fines |
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Deregulation |
Type of regulation that relaxes government restrictions on market competition |
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Example of regulation |
FDA |
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Example of deregulation |
1980 - Reagan and Thatcher |
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The Communications Act of 1934 |
1. Established the Federal Communication Commission 2. Replaces the Federal Radio Commission 3. Began with F.D.R. 4. Modified by Reagan 5. 85% of the original act still in effect today |
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What is the job of the FCC? |
To "watch" the media; charged with the regulation or all non-federal use of the radio spectrum and wired communication |
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The FCC says that government regulates ___ |
In the public interest, convenience, and necessity |
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What did Reagan's modification of The Communications Act of 1934 change? |
The public's interests are the public interest |
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Telecommunications Act of 1996 |
1. Clinton 2. Deregulation rules government policy 3. Written entirely by broadcast industry lobbyists 4. Lifted national cap of T.V. audience reach to 35% 5. Lifted cap # of radio station ownership in a single market to 8 6. Deregulated cable rates |
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Section from Telecommunications Act of 1996 |
"The purpose of this Act is to promote COMPETITION and reduce RELATIONSHIP in order to secure LOWER PRICES for American telecommunications COSUMERS and encourage rapid DEPLOYMENT of telecommunications TECHNOLOGIES" |
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What 5 companies control 75% of all T.V. programming? |
Viacom, Disney, NewsCorp, NBC, Time Warner |
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"Consuming Kids" film |
1. FTC Improvement Act - no authority to regulate ads to children 2. Ethnographic research - watching kids and their interaction with products 3. Not about product itself, but about its social meaning |
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Cable rates increased by what percentage from 1996 to 2012? |
80% |
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Media effects research |
Attempts to understand, explain, and predict the effects of mass media on individuals and society |
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Cultural studies is concerned with how people __? |
1. Make meaning 2. Comprehend reality 3. Articulate values 4. Arrange experiences through symbols |
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Propoganda analysis |
Any media designed to lead you to an opinion |
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Public opinion research |
Marketers go door to door |
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Albert Bandera |
Social learning theory |
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Hypodermic Needle Model |
Media shoots effects directly into unsuspecting victims; defenseless consumers |
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Minimal Effects Model (selected exposure theory) |
Most people do not want to learn new information; confirmation bias |
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Uses and Gratifications Model |
Why do people use media? |
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Content analysis |
Studies the messages of visual media |
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Social learning theory |
1. Attention: observation 2. Retention: hold onto what works and abandon what doesn't 3. Motor reproduction: try it 4. Motivation: continue what works |
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Agenda setting theory |
Media cannot tell people what go think, but instead control what people think about by controlling the conversation |
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Cultivation theory |
Heavy media consumption; begin to perceive reality based on what is seen in the media |
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Spiral of silence |
Keep your opinion to yourself out of fear |
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Cultural studies research |
1. 1980s 2. Challenges media effects 3. Influence between media and audience is reciprocal |
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Habermas |
Every person leads two lives (public sphere, private sphere) |
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Textual analysis |
Close reading and interpretation or cultural messages; explore different perspectives |
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Audience studies |
Subject for a text is the audience |
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Political economy studies |
Interconnection between economic interests and political power and how that power is used |
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Casa Blanca was produced and released in what years? |
1942 - produced 1943 - released |
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How much did Casa Blanca cost? |
$1 million; $75k over budget; Humphrey Bogart's salary was 1/4 of the film's budget |
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How much did Casa Blanca make at the box office? |
$3.7 million |
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Casa Blanca scene information |
Every scene shot in studio on one sound stage; last scene at Vanus airport in CA |
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Casa Blanca won what academy awards? |
Best picture, director, and screenplay |
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What is the main goal of media effects research? |
To uncover whether there is a connection between aggressive behavior and violence in the media |
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What do cultural studies examine? |
The way status quo groups in society use media to circulate their messages and sustain their interests |
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Lippmann's Public Opinion (1922) |
Applied the principles of psychology to journalism |
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What book was considered by many academics to be "the founding book in American media studies"? |
Public Opinion by Walter Lippmann |
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Pseudo-polls |
Call-in, online, or person-in-the-street polls that the news media use to address a "question of the day" |
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What do social psychology studies measure? |
The behavior and cognition of individuals |
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What were the results of the Payne Fund study? |
1. Youngest subjects had strongest reaction to violent or tragic movie scenes 2. Teenage subjects reacted most strongly to scenes with romantic and sexual content 3. Films could be dangerous for young children and might foster sexual promiscuity amount teenagers |
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What did the Payne Fund study contribute to? |
The establishment of the film industry's production code |
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What is marketing research? |
Conducting surveys on consumer buying habits in the 1920s |