Comd 463 Chapter 2

Front 1

NEURON

Back 1

CELL SPECIALIZED FOR NERVOUS SYSTEM FUNCTION

Front 2

NERVES

Back 2

COLLECTIONS OF THEIR PROCESSES

Front 3

WHAT ARE THE TWO LARGE SUBDIVISIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM?

Back 3

PERIPHERAL AND CENTRAL

Front 4

PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

Back 4

INCLUDES ALL PARTS OF THE SYSTEM THAT ARE OUTSIDE OF THE BONY CASINGS OF THE SKULL & SPINAL COLUMN

Front 5

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

Back 5

INCLUDES ALL PARTS OF THE SYSTEM THAT ARE WITHIN THE SKULL AND SPINAL COLUMN. SPINAL COLUMN ENCASES AND PROTECTS THE SPINAL CORD. SKULL ENCASES AND PROTECTS THE BRAIN

Front 6

FORAMEN MAGNUM

Back 6

WHERE SPINAL CORD ARE BRAIN ARE CONTINUOUS [HOLE AT THE BASE OF THE BRAIN]

Front 7

ANATOMICAL POSITION

Back 7

THE REFERENCE POSITION

Front 8

CEPHALIC

Back 8

NOSE END [AKA ROSTRAL] TOWARDS THE HEAD

Front 9

CAUDAL

Back 9

BUTTOCKS END [TAIL END IN LOWER ANIMALS]

Front 10

DORSAL

Back 10

BACK [POSTERIOR]

Front 11

VENTRAL

Back 11

FRONT [ANTERIOR]

Front 12

IN THE MOST CEPHALIC REGION IN THE BRAIN ______ MEANS SUPERIOR AND ______ MEANS INFERIOR

Back 12

DORSAL, VENTRAL

Front 13

MEDIAL

Back 13

TOWARD THE MIDLINE

Front 14

LATERAL

Back 14

AWAY FROM THE MIDLINE

Front 15

SAGITTAL SECTION

Back 15

ANTERIOR-POSTERIOR CUT [SHOWS EITHER THE RIGHT OR LEFT SIDE OF THE BRAIN OR SPINAL CORD, USUALLY SLICED IN THE MIDLINE]

Front 16

PARASAGITTAL SECTION

Back 16

SLICED LATERAL TO THE MIDLINE

Front 17

CORONAL SECTION

Back 17

LEFT-RIGHT CUT [SHOWS THE DORSAL OR VENTRAL SIDE; MADE IN THE CEREBRAL HEMISPERES OR CEREBELLUM-A TOP VIEW OF THE HEMISPHERES]

Front 18

SPINAL CORD

Back 18

LONG COLUMN OF AFFERENT AND EFFERENT NERVE ENDINGS

Front 19

AFFERENT NERVE FIBERS

Back 19

ASCENDING NERVE FIBERS THAT CARRY INFO TO THE BRAIN

Front 20

EFFERENT NERVE FIBERS

Back 20

NERVE FIBERS DESCENDING [TO CARR COMMANDS FROM THE BRAIN]

Front 21

CAUDA EQUINA

Back 21

THE BUNDLE OF SPINAL NERVES THAT DESCENDS IN THE SPINAL COLUMN BEFORE EXITING

Front 22

CERVICAL VERTEBRAE

Back 22

FIRST 7 VERTEBRAE OF THE SPINAL COLUMN

Front 23

THROACIC VERTEBRAE

Back 23

NEXT 12 VERTEBRAE UNDER CERVICAL[7]

Front 24

LUMBAR VERTERBRAE

Back 24

NEXT 5 VERTERBRAE UNDER THROACIC[12]

Front 25

SACRAL VERTERBRAE

Back 25

NEXT 5 VERTEBRAE UNDER LUMBAR [5]

Front 26

COCCYGEAL VERTEBRAE

Back 26

LAST 1-3 VERTEBRAE

Front 27

SPINAL NERVES

Back 27

CARRY MOTOR AND SENSORY INFORMATION TO/FROM THE BODY. CORRESPOND TO VERTEBRAL LEVEL AT WHICH THEY EXIT [ON THE LEFT AND RIGHT]

Front 28

LOSS OF FUNCTION IN THE SPINAL CORD

Back 28

IF THE SPINAL CORD IS SEVERED FUNCTION TO ALL MUSCLES BELOW THE LEVEL OF THE DAMAGE IS LOST. [EX. IF AN INDIVIDUAL HAS A SPINAL CORD INJURY AT THE LEVEL OF C2 MOTOR INNERVATION TO ALL MUSCLES OF RESPIRATION WILL BE LOST]

Front 29

DERMATOME

Back 29

THE AREA OF SKIN INNERVATED BY NERVES RELATED TO A PARTICULAR SEGMENT OF THE SPINAL CORD

Front 30

BRACHIAL PLEXUS & LUMBOSACRAL PLEXUS

Back 30

WHERE THE SPINAL CORD ENLARGES IN THESE AREA. FORMED BY LARGE NUMBERS OF NERVE CELL BODIES & PROCESSES THAT COLLECT IN THOSE AREAS. EX. AFFERENT AND EFFERENT NERVES IN THE _____ ________ INNERVATE THE UPPER EXTREMETIES [ARMS]

Front 31

GLIA

Back 31

OTHER CELLS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM THAT SUPPORT NEURON

Front 32

GRAY MATTER

Back 32

AREAS OF THE CNS COMPOSED PRIMARILY OF CELL BODIES, AS COLLECTIONS OF NEURON CELL BODIES

Front 33

WHITE MATTER

Back 33

AREAS COMPOSED PRIMARILY OF NEURON PROCESSES AS A RESULT OF SOME SPECIALIZED GLIA WRAPPING THEMSELVES AROUND THE PROCESSES OF MANY NEURONS [FORMING INSULATING FATTY LAYERS]

Front 34

NEURAXIS

Back 34

BRAINSTEM & SPINAL CORD

Front 35

LARGE DIVISIONS OF THE BRAIN

Back 35

BRAINSTEM, DIENCEPHALON, CEREBELLUM, CEREBRUM, & NEURAXIS

Front 36

BRAINSTEM

Back 36

INCLUDES MEDULLA OBLONGATA, PONS, MIDBRAIN

Front 37

DIENCEPHALON

Back 37

THALAMUS, EPITHALAMUS, HYPOTHALAMUS

Front 38

3 PARTS OF CEREBELLUM & CEREBRUM

Back 38

CORTEX, DEEP CEREBELLAR NUCLEI, BASAL GANGLIA

Front 39

CORTEX

Back 39

MOST SUPERFICIAL PART OF EACH STRUCTURE; PRIMARILY GRAY MATTER/NEURON CELL BODIES

Front 40

DEEP CEREBELLAR NUCLEI

Back 40

GROUPS OF CELL BODIES DEEP WITHIN THE CEREBELLUM

Front 41

BASAL GANGLIA

Back 41

GROUPS OF CELL BODIES DEEP WITHIN THE CEREBRUM

Front 42

LOBES OF THE CEREBRAL CORTEX

Back 42

FRONTAL, PARIETAL, AND OCCIPITAL

Front 43

DEEP SULCI

Back 43

FISSURES; WRINKLED HILLOCKS & GROVES ON THE CORTEX

Front 44

CENTRAL SULCUS AKA FISSURE OF ROLANDO

Back 44

DIVIDES THE PRECENTRAL GYRUS OF THE FRONTAL LOBE FROM THE POSTCENTRAL GYRUS OF THE PARIETAL LOBE

Front 45

PARIETOOCCIPITAL SULCUS

Back 45

SEPARATES THE PARIETAL AND OCCIPITAL LOBES

Front 46

INSULA

Back 46

HIDES WITHIN THE LATERAL SULCUS, AKA SYLVIAN FISSURE, AND IS A PART OF THE CORTEX

Front 47

LONGITUDINAL FISSURE

Back 47

DIVIDES THE TWO HEMISPHERES

Front 48

CORPUS CALLOSUM

Back 48

MASSIVE WHITE STRUCTURE INCLUDED IN THE FIBER BUNDLES CONNECTING THE TWO HEMISPHERES

Front 49

BRADMANN'S NUMBERS

Back 49

HOW SOME AREAS OF THE BRAIN ARE STILL IDENTIFIED, BASED ON WHAT SOME NEUROANATOMISTS REFERRED TO PATCHES OF THE CORTEX W/A UNIFORMLY SIMILAR CELL PATTERNS

Front 50

HIPPOCAMPUS

Back 50

PORTION OF THE CEREBRAL CORTEX, HIDDEN WITHIN THE SYLVIAN FISSURE, AND IS NAMED FOR ITS SEAHORSE SHAPE IN CROSS-SECTION

Front 51

SUBSTANTIA NIGRA

Back 51

IN THE MIDBRAIN AND IS NAMED FOR ITS BLACK APPEARANCE [LESIONS HAVE BEEN IMPLICATED IN PARKINSON'S DISEASE]

Front 52

CAUDATE NUCLEUS & VENTRICLES

Back 52

LARGE INTERNAL SPACES

Front 53

SUPERIOR & INFERIOR COLLICULI

Back 53

LOCATED AT THE ROSTRAL END OF THE BRAINSTEM

Front 54

STRIATUM

Back 54

BASAL GANGLIA, CAUDATE NUCLEUS, GLOBUS PALLIDUS, AND PUTAMEN [AS WELL AS THE SUBSTANTIA NIGRA & NIGRA & THE SUBTHALAMIC NUCLEUS]

Front 55

THE BRAINSTEM

Back 55

PHYLOGENETICALLY THE OLDEST PART OF THE BRAIN, AND IS THE EXTENSION OF THE SPINAL CORD INSIDE THE SKULL. AREA OF TRANSITION BETWEEN THE CEREBRUM AND THE SPINAL CORD WHERE MANY IMPORTANT FUNCTIONS ARE CONTROLLED.

Front 56

CRANIAL NERVE

Back 56

EFFERENT AND AFFERENT FIBERS RELATED TO PARTS OF THE BRAINSTEM. 12 PAIRS WITH 2 ROLES: BRING INFO FROM THE SPECIAL SENSE AND SOMATIC SENSES OF THE FACE AND HEAD INTO THE BRAIN, AND THEY SEND COMMANDS OUT TO THE MUSCLES AND GLANDS OF THE HEAD AND NECK TO CONTROL BEHAVIOR

Front 57

MENINGES

Back 57

TOUGH MEMBRANES THAT PROTECT THE SOFT, GELATINOUS NERVOUS SYSTEM FROM CONTUSION AND INFECTION

Front 58

CEREBROSPINAL FLUID

Back 58

CUSHIONS THE NERVOUS SYSTEM [IMPORTANT PART OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM OF THE CNS]