College General Biology 1

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Transcription

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A complementary messenger RNA is copied from a DNA template strand

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Translation

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Genetic information on mRNA is read by a ribosome to assemble amino acids into a protein

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Codon

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Sequence of three nucleotides based on DNA or mRNA that translate to a given amino acid

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Anticodon

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Sequence of three nucleotides basses on the tRNA that is complementary to the three bases on mRNA

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Locus

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Specific location on a chromosome occupied by a gene

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Phenotype

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Visible appearance of how a particular trait is expressed in an individual

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Genotype

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Full genetic composition of an individual depicting all alleles present

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Gene ("Classic" Mendelian definition)

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Fundamental unit of genetic inheritance

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Gene("Modern molecular" definition)

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Section of a DNA molecule that codes for a particular genetic trait or a protein to be synthesised

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Allele

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Any one of several different versions of a given trait coded by a gene

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What name is given to the sequence of genes on the Y chromosome that determines "male" in mammals?

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Sex-determining region

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What enzyme catalyses the assembly of mRNA strand during RNA transcription?

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RNA Polymerase

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What term describes the genotype condition in which the two alleles of an x-linked genetic trait on a female mammal are different?

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Heterozygous

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What is the dark brown protein pigment, the absence of which in the iris of the eyes makes for "blue" eyes?

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Melanin

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What sugar forms the central portion of an RNA nucleotide?

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Ribose

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What nucleotide base is characteristic of RNA, as distinguished from DNA?

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Uracil

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What term describes the chemical connection that links amino acids together in the ribosome during protein assembly?

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Peptide bond

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In what cell organelle in rRNA found?

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Ribosome

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What two worded phrase describes Mendel's second law, contributing to genetic diversity?

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Independent assortment

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Pangenesis

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Aristotle

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Who came up with Inheritance of acquired characteristics?

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Lamarck

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What is the blending theory??

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Aristotle- Pangenesis

AND

Lamarck- inheritance of acquired characteristics

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Homozygous

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The letters are the same (EX: TT, tt)

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Heterozygous

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The letters are different (EX: Tt)

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Recessive

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Lower case (t)

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Recessive

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Lower case (t)

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Dominant

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Capital letter (T)

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Multiple alleles

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More than two different kinds of alleles exist for a given trait (gene) EX: blood type

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Co-dominance

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More than one dominant allele exists for a given trait (EX: black and white cats have kittens with black and white patches)

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Incomplete dominance

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Black and white bunny have grey bunnies

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Eukaryotic transcription

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Happens in nucleus

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Terminator sequence

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Repeating end

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mRNA copied from DNA

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Transcription

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Determining "male"

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Absence of an X chromosome

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Determining "male"

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Absence of an X chromosome

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Gene

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Fundamental unit of genetic inheritance

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Determining "male"

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Absence of an X chromosome

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Gene

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Fundamental unit of genetic inheritance

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Determining "female"

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Absence of Y chromosome

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Who disapproved the two theories (Pangenesis & inheritance of acquired characteristics)

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August Weismann

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What is the term that means it's linked to the Y chromosome?

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Holandric

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Trait carried on X or Y chromosome on a male

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Homozygous