Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
carbohydrates found in the body
|
monosaccharides
oligosaccharides polysaccharides |
|
what are the clinically important carbohydrates
|
glucose
fructose galactose glycogen |
|
nature of insulin
|
-synthesized in beta cells
-formed as prepro-insulin -cleaved to pro insulin -pro insulin packaged in golgi -cleaved to insulin and C- peptide -released in response to hyperglycemia |
|
the _______and ________ method can be used to determine glucose
|
glucose oxidase and hexokinase
|
|
the limitations to glucose oxidase
|
peroxidase prone to interference, non-specific
|
|
which is more specific glucose oxidase or hexokinase
|
hexokinase
|
|
common methods for determining urine glucose
|
reagent strip
clinistix- specific to glucose clinitest- based on benedict's test |
|
hypoglycemia is _________
|
low levels of plasma glucose
|
|
what can cause hypoglycemia
|
-fasting
-excessive alcohol intake -inborn errors of metabolism -drugs ie. overdose, ackee poisoning |
|
diabetes mellitus is _________
|
a chronic metabolic disorder
|
|
common feature of diabetes mellitus (DM)
|
hyperglycemia
|
|
DM Type 1
|
-pancreatic islet cell destruction -absolute lack of insulin
-Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) |
|
type 1 a also known as _______
|
juvenile diabetes
|
|
DM type 1 is prone to
|
-diabetic ketoacidosis
-increase urea -decrease Na -increase K -decreased HCO3 |
|
DM type 2
|
-defects in insulin production
-beta cell dysfunction -increase hepatic glucose production - less prone to ketoacidosis |
|
gestational diabetes refers to_________
|
any degree of glucose intolerance deytected during pregnancy
|
|
diabetic ketoacidosis
|
- ketone production via liver exceeds cellular use and renal excretion (tpye 1DM)
|
|
hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state
|
-hyperglycemia
-hyperosmolarity -dehydration |
|
hypoglycemia
|
decrease in normal blood glucose levels
occurs mainly in persons treated with insulin injections/ oral hypoglycemic agents |
|
diagnosis based on
|
plasma/serum glucose values
|
|
random glucose
|
normal 2.5-7.2 mmol/L
diabetic >/= 11,1 mmol/L |
|
fasting plasma glucose
|
normal 3.8-5.6 mmol/L
diabetic >/= 7.8mmol/L |
|
2hr pp
|
normal <5.6mmol/L
diabetic >/= 11.1mmol/L |
|
HbA1c
|
glycated Hb used to monitor long term blood glucose in diabetics
|
|
glucose is attcahed to the ______ of the Hb beta chain via ________ reaction
|
N-terminal, non- enzymatic
|
|
microalbumin
|
urinary albumin loss > than normal but below detection by dipstick
|
|
first sign of diabetic nephropathy
|
proteinuria
|
|
OGT
|
used when patient's state is not clearly established via other tests
|
|
RBC is ________ _______ to glucose
|
freely premeable
|
|
glycated HB is _______ _______ to the amount of circulating glucose
|
directly proportional
|