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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Charles Cooley
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Responsible for the concept of the "looking glass self"
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Looking Glass Self
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Proposed by Charles Cooley, it theorizes that there are three stages in the process of self-formation.
1) We imagine how we appear to others. 2) We wonder whether others see us in the same way as we see ourselves. 3) We develop a conception of ourselves that is based on the judgments of others |
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George Mead
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George Mead believed that the development of the human mind was only possible in the context of socialization. He used the concepts of "Me" & "I" me being the image of one's self from the standpoint of "generalized others" and the "I" as the reaction to a situation as he sees it from his unique standpoint.
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Erving Goffman
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Theorized that the self is a reflection of others and the expectations of people around us. He used the term role-distance to describe the gap that exists between who we are and who we portray ourselves to be.
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Role-Distance
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The gap between who we are and who we portray ourselves to be.
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Intragenerational Mobility
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Social mobility within ones own generation.
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Intergenerational.
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Social mobility that occurs between generations.
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Social exchange theory
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Relationships are formed by the use of a subjective cost-benefit analysis and comparison of alternatives.
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Egoistic suicide
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Not enough integration.
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Fatalistic Suicide
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Too much regulation.
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Anomic Suicide
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Not enough regulation.
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Altruistic Suicide.
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Too much integration.
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What factors affect a societies population?
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•Fertility
•Mortality •Migration |
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The authoritarian personality theory of agression is best at explaining...
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The extreme pejudicial attitudes of a few.
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The authoritarian personality theory of agression is best at explaining...
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The extreme pejudicial attitudes of a few.
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The culture of povery seeks to explain poverty as not stemming from _______ forces, but from ________ forces.
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Not stemming from structural forces, but from cultural forces.
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Gentrification is..
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When a rundown section of a city has been repaired and revitalized and has become attractive to a middle class population.
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Which characteristic is the biggest predictor of voting behavior?
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Social Class
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Which group has the highest unemployment rates in the United States?
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Black Male Youth
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The suburbs were originally occupied by...
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•The well-to-do and mostly white.
•Upper-middle class. |
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What factor was most involved with the expantion of the suburbs to the middle class following WWII?
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The fact that automobiles came within the reach of the average american.
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Fecundity vs Fertility
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Fecundity refers to the potential production, and fertility to actual production of live offspring.
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Adults in pre-industrial societies viewed marriage as an....
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Economic Arrangement
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Define Civil Religion
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A quasi-religious loyalty binding individuals in a secular state.
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Affirmative action programs attempt to address..
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Institutional discrimination.
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How did industrialization affect the extended family?
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The extended family declined as families needed to become more geographically mobile.
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Karl Marx reffered to the owners of the means of production as...
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The bourgeoisie.
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The proletariat are..
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The people who provide the labor necessary for the operation of the factories and other productive enterprises.
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The majority of welfare dollars goes toward which group in society?
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Children, who are the biggest group falling below the poverty line.
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Who coined the term "the generalized other"?
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George Herbert Mead
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What does "the generalized other" refer to?
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Norms and values used as references when evaluating ourselves.
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Strain Theory asserts that people commit crimes when.....
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their means for achievement are obstructed.
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Amalgamation
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Absorbtion of one group by another group through intermarriage.
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Polyandry
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When a woman has more than one husband.
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Oligopoly
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When several corporations, usually four or less control an industry.
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What is the term that sociologists use to describe the situation where charismatic authority is succeeded by a bureaucracy controlled by a rationally established authority or by a combination of traditional and bureaucratic authority?
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Routinization of charisma.
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What is the term that Max Weber used to describe the extent to which persons within a particular layer of stratification have access to important scarce resources?
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Life chances
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People who are poor, seldom employed, and caught in long-term deprivation are members of the
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Underclass.
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How do the views of Max Weber and Karl Marx differ concerning the concept of social class?
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Weber added to Marx's insights by developing a multidimensional explanation of the class structure and identifying additional classes.
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The situation in which women are disproportionately represented among individuals living in poverty is referred to as
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The feminization of poverty.
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Working-class occupations that are relatively low-paying, nonmanual, semiskilled positions primarily held by women are referred to as
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Pink-Collar occupations.
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Sociologist Jane Addams was active in poor urban areas as a leader of community centers referred to as
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Settlement Houses.
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Which of the following sociologists identified ideal-type characteristics of bureaucracy?
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Max Weber
German sociologist Max Weber was concerned that modern society is becoming increasingly dominated by impersonal, rational bureaucracies. |
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Which of the following terms refers to the ways in which an individual shows an awareness that another is present without making this person the object of particular attention?
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Civil inattention
Civil inattention is one of the means that people use to help interactions with others proceed smoothly. |
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Persons whose care, affection, and approval are especially desired and who are most important in the development of the self are referred to by sociologists as
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Significant Others
Significant others are the people who we feel are most important to us |
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Which of the following terms is defined as one or more central cities and their surrounding suburbs that dominate the economic and cultural life of a region?
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Metropolis
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New urban fringes that have arisen beyond central cities and suburbs are referred to as
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Edge Cities.
Edge cities develop as cities expand to encompass the areas between them, and as businesses take advantage of favorable tax structures and the availability of land. |
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The number of deaths per 1,000 people in a population in a given year is the
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Crude death rate.
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Emile Durkheim believed that people in preindustrial societies feel a more or less automatic sense of belonging, a condition he referred to as
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Mechanical solidarity.
Mechanical solidarity is based on the homogeneity, or sameness, of the people within the society. |
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Sociologists define race as a category of people who
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Have been singled out as inferior or superior on the basis of physical characteristics.
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