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83 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the 4 key ages in the Near East / Greece / Rome?
What are the key dates? |
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What are some key items left behind by nomadic groups? (non-complex societies) |
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What are things that complex societies may leave behind? |
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Why is pottery such an important find and where did it originate? |
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What is Palaeobotany? |
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What is Bioarchaeology |
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What is Stratigraphy? |
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What is a Tell Site |
Area where the same site is reused by successive human groups. Walls, pits, floors, and debris all remain in their stratigraphic sequence for archaeologists to find.
Also known as a hoyak
(Image associated with this) |
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What are methods of Relative Dating? |
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What are methods of Absolute Dating? |
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What are the 3 methods of dating? |
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Name dates for:
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Near East: 12,500 - 330 BC Neolithic: 10,000 - 5,000 BC Chalcolitic: 5,000 - 3,100 BC Bronze Age: 3100 - 1200 BC Iron Age: 1,200 - 330 BC |
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Name 3 characteristics of a large ancient city according to V. Gordon Childe (1950) |
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When and where were the first settlements?
How do we know they settled? |
12,500 - 10,000 BC Small settlements in southern Levant and Northwest Syria
We know they settled because we saw signs of agriculture which would indicate settlement
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Where and when were plants domesticated / agriculture invented? |
10,000 - 5,000 BC
Occurred in the Fertile Crescent |
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What were the impacts of settlement and agriculture |
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Why did settlement happen in the near East and Anatolia? |
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When is Pre-Pottery Neolithic v Pottery Neolithic |
10,000 - 6,800 - Pre Pottery
6,800 - 5,000 - Pottery
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4 Characteristics of a Neolithic Village, and what is the most famous village we study? |
Jericho (Palestine) is the most famous |
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3 Characteristic of Wattle and Daub house |
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Where and when did Jericho exist? |
Existed in palestine between 8,500 - 7,300 BC
(PrePottery Neolithic) |
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Key Aspects of Jericho (5) a "porto-city" moving toward urbanization |
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When was Bronze Age Greece |
3,100 - 1,200 BC |
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When were Minoans on Crete? What is the other major Greek civilization that was concurued |
Minoans (2,000 - 1,4000 BC) conquered the Mycenaeans ( 1,600 - 1,200) |
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Key Concepts of Mesopotamian Urbanization When did the Mesopotamia Exist? What are 3 important concepts? |
5,000 - 1,200 BC
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Where was the Palace of Zimri Lim? When was it completed
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Palace was located in Mari (Modern day Syria)
Completed in 1,700 BC |
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Key Features of Zimri Lim (5) (Old Babylonian Period) |
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Where is Mesopotamia? |
Between the Tigres and Euphrates rivers
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Where is the Aegean and what is the landscape |
Aegeans are and ancient greek civilization
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Two major Crete palace complexes |
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Mari v Knossos (2) |
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5 Main functions of Minoan (Greek) Palace |
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What is special about the Knossos: “Throne” Room |
Since there was no real concept of king like we know today, it was likely a room of religious practice with a bowl in the centre for washing
cleanliness = religious |
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What is this an example of? and what are the individual layers called |
Stratigraphy - the layers built up that we look for when doing archeological excavations
Each layer is called a stratum |
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What is this? and what are the layers called |
This is a Tell Site and the layers are called stratigraphy |
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What is this showing |
Palaeobotany - scientific investigation to determine several aspects of life in antiquity such as food sources, plant resources, and processes of deforestation and landscape change. |
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What is this an example of and from what time period? (location) |
Pottery Originates ca. 7000-6800 BC in Near East
Allows us to create relative dates |
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What does this show? |
Bones and Bioarcheology |
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What is this? |
dendrochronology used for relative dating |
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Example of a textual source, allows us to come up with relative or sometimes absolute dating |
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What is this? |
Round sunken house with one room common the Neolithic villages |
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What are these? |
Pieces of pottery known as Sherds |
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What is these and where was it located? |
Wattle and Daub walls found usually at Jericho (neolithic villages) |
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Where is this? |
Jericho (8500 - 6000 BC) that lies over one of the earliest examples of a hunter gatherer society
Jericho is a Neolithic settlement |
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What is this and whats the significace |
This is the fortified wall at Jericho that is complex and suggests that there was job specialization |
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What is this and what are 4 key details |
Jericho home is the PrePottery neolithic period.
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What is this / Significane |
Obsidian which does not come from Greece, meaning there were significant trade ties with the Jericho people |
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What is this |
Knossos, built in 1,700 BC |
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What is this? |
Knossos (finished 1700BC) |
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Describe and significance |
This is one of the roads that leads to the courtyard of Knossos, all roads led to the centre.
Knossos was also a burial ground or a place of celebration |
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What is this, and where is it from |
It is an image inside the palace of Knossos
This is Minoan art which usually depicts women as being white, however this shows men as being white |
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Who is this and what does she represent? |
Knossos Snake Goddess
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What are these called, where were they found and what are they used for
Significance |
Pithos jars found at Knossos are massive pots meant for storage, not transportation.
Further suggests that Knossos would have been more than just a palace but an economic centre
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What is this depiction and what is the significance |
Shows peak sanctuaries - shows how the countryside collides with the urban centre. Allowed the deity to look over the whole countryside |
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What time period and what is it known as? |
Linear B Tablet - a Mycencean tablet |
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Where is this and what is the palace also known as? |
Mycenae depicting the locations of grace circle A and B
Palace is also known as the Megaron |
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What place is this |
Mycenae |
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What place is this |
Mycenae |
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What is this? Where and whats the significance |
This is the lions gate at Mycenae
Cyclopean Masonry would suggest peer polity interaction. Also shows that the Minoans are interested in showing off their power through artistic representation
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What is this? |
Lions on the top of Lions Gate at Mycenae |
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What is this?
Key Features (3)? |
The plan of the Mycenaean Megaron (palace)
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What is this? |
Excavated Mycenaean Megaron |
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What is this? What are the dates
Significant Feautre? |
Grace circle A (1600 - 1500 BC)
The wall surrounding it was implemented 250 years after it was last used |
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What is this |
Grave Circle B Mycenae |
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What is this and where is it located?
Significance? |
It is a Grave Stele - Located at grave circle A
The depictions indicates a war like society
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What is this and where was it found |
Found at grave circle B, and is a luxury good used to represent power and wealth known as Exotica
This is Minoan but found in a Mycenaean context |
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what are these? Significance? |
Mycenaean Daggers
Hunting scene depicted on the daggers indicates again that people gain power through war or war like activities.
1v1 fighting was very popular at the time |
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What are these? Where were they found?
What is the centre one |
Gold Funerary Masks (death masks), with the centre one called agamemnon's mask. Could be fake since the centre looks like Kaiser Wilhelm
Found at grave circle A |
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What are the key functions of the Mycenaean palace? |
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Grave Circle B Dates Significance of location |
Used between 1650 - 1550, and actually predates grave circle A but was found after it
Located right beside road leading to city, since it was the burial place of the upper class they wanted all citizens to pass by them |
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What is this an example of and what is this specific one? |
Megaton with central hearth
This is the Palace of Nestor, in Pylos |
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Similarities / Differences between Mycenaean and Minoan Society (4 key) |
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What is this picture supposed to represent? |
Shipping in the late bronze age and the idea of "interconnectedness" |
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Describe |
Uluburun Shipwreck (14th Century)
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Uluburun Shipwreck from 14th century BC
Cypriot or Caananite Origin. The ship was built of Lebanese wood but Syrian anchors |
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Describe |
Cargo from the Uluburun ship wreck |
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Describe |
Nefertiti from the Uluburun ship wreck |
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Describe |
Gold wring with Nefertiti On the Face from the Uluburun ship wreck |
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What are these |
Pots from the Uluburun ship wreck |
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What is this and where was it found? |
Teracotta ox cart state from Karphi (1150 - 1000 BC)
This is a clay cult symbol that could be a remnant of the Minoan religious culture
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What is this? |
A reconstruction of Karphi |
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Late Bronze Age Collapse |
Started in 1200BC but did not occur all at once, some parts lasted until 1100BC.
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What is Karphi |
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