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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Courses whose protected airspaces are concident, overlap, or intersect and whose angular difference is less than 45 degrees. |
Same Courses |
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Intersecting courses whose angular difference is 45 through 135 degrees inclusive. |
Crossing Courses |
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Courses whose protected airspaces are coincident, overlap, or intersect and whose angular difference is greater than 135 degrees through 180 degrees inclusive. |
Opposite/Reciprocal Courses |
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Longitudinal spacing of aircraft at the same altitude by a minimum distance expressed in units of time or miles. |
Longitudinal Separation |
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Separate aircraft longitudinally by requiring them to use one of the following methods, as appropriate: |
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Use mileage-based (DME and ATD) procedures and minima only when ___ are maintained. |
direct pilot-controller communications |
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The distance measured from a point in space by systems using area navigation reference capabilities that are not subject to slant range errors. |
Along-Track Distance (ATD) |
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20 miles is the standard minima between: |
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Standard longitudinal separation minima (in minutes) ("all other aircraft") |
10 |
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Using "Say DME" instead of "Say position" ensures all aircraft use DME mileages which allow ___. |
all aircraft to have the same slant range error |
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Must coordinate with next facility/sector if separation is ___. |
less than 10 minutes. |
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44 Knot Rule Minima when lead aircraft is at least 44 knots faster between: |
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Use the 44 Knot Rule when: |
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22 Knot rule Minima when lead aircraft is at least 22 knots faster between: |
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Use the 22 Knot Rule when: |
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(minima on opposite courses and aircraft reporting same NAVAID) Discontinue vertical separation when ___. |
both aircraft have reported passing NAVAIDS, DME fixes, or waypoints indicating they have passed each other |
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Advise pilot to use DME distances when applying DME separation (phraseology). |
"USE DME DISTANCES." |
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Separation minima for opposite course (aircraft reporting on same DME fix) |
Procedure may be applied on diverging airways or radials of the same NAVAID. |
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Opposite course minima (intersection report) |
Both aircraft have reported passing the same intersection/waypoint and are at least 3 minutes apart |
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N31A AND N962L both reported passing BERRA intersection at 1500 (opposite courses). What is the earliest time N31A may be cleared to 140? |
1501 1/2 |
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SWA22 and AAL31 are opposite direction and progressed CLAYS intersection at 1012 and 1014, respectively. What is the earliest time you may discontinue vertical separation? |
1014 1/2 |
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Separate aircraft traveling opposite courses by ___ from 10 minutes before until 10 minutes after they are estimated to pass. |
assigning different altitudes consistent with the approved vertical separation |
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Formula to calculate "estimated to pass" |
(difference in fix estimates) x (speed per minute of the 2nd aircraft) = Estimated time to pass (essentially d=s*t) |
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In Aero Center, "estimated to pass" situations should be converted to ___ by using ___ if possible. |
vertical or lateral situations; alternate airways |