Cj 330

Front 1

• Diversion

Back 1

The halting or suspension, before conviction, of formal criminal proceedings against a person, conditioned on some form of counter performance by the defendant

Front 2

• Counter performance

Back 2

The defendant’s participation, in exchange for diversion, in a treatment, counseling, or educational program aimed at changing the behavior

Front 3

• Victimless crime

Back 3

offense committed against the social values and interests represented in and protected by the criminal law, and in which parties willingly participate

Front 4

• Unconditional diversion

Back 4

termination of criminal processing at any point before adjunction with no threat of later prosecution. Treatment, counseling, and other services are offered and use is voluntary

Front 5

• Conditional diversion

Back 5

diversion in which charges are dismissed if the defendant satisfactorily completes treatment, counseling, or other programs ordered by the justice system

Front 6

• Probation

Back 6

the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community, under the supervision of a probation officer. It is conditional because it can be revoked if certain conditions are not met

Front 7

• Recidivism

Back 7

the repetition of criminal behavior; generally defined as a rearrest. It is the primary outcome measure for probation, as it is for all corrections programs

Front 8

• Working alliance

Back 8

an effective relationship between a change agent and a client, with negotiated goals and a mutual willingness to compromise when necessary to meet the goals or to maintain a viable relationship

Front 9

• Cognitive behavior treatment

Back 9

a problem-focused intervention that emphasizes skill training

Front 10

• Case investigation

Back 10

the first major role of probation officers consisting of interviewing the defendant and preparing the pre sentence report

Front 11

• Supervision

Back 11

the second major role of probation officers, consisting of resource mediation, surveillance, and enforcement

Front 12

• Revocation hearing

Back 12

a due process hearing that must be conducted to determine whether the conditions of probation have been violated before probation can be revoked and the offender removed from the community

Front 13

• Technical violation

Back 13

a failure to comply with the conditions of probation

Front 14

• Absconding

Back 14

fleeing with permission of the jurisdiction in which the offender is require to stay

Front 15

• New offense violation

Back 15

the arrest and prosecution for the commission of a new crime

Front 16

• Intermediate Sanctions

Back 16

new punishment options developed to fill the gap between traditional probation and traditional jail or prison sentences and to better math the severity of punishment to the seriousness of the crime

Front 17

• Community corrections

Back 17

a philosophy of correctional treatment that embraces (1) decentralization of authority (2) citizen participation, (3) redefinition of the population of offenders for who incarceration is most appropriate, and (4) emphasis on rehabilitation through community programs

Front 18

• Front end programs

Back 18

punishment options for initial sentences more restrictive than traditional probation but less restrictive than jail or prison

Front 19

• Back end programs

Back 19

sanctions that move offenders from high levels of control to lower ones for the final phase of their sentences

Front 20

• Trap door / side door programs

Back 20

emergency release options for special docket offenders, generally used to relieve prison crowding

Front 21

• Net widening

Back 21

increasing the number of offenders sentenced to a high level of restriction. It results in sentencing offenders to more restrictive sanctions then their offenses and characteristics warrant

Front 22

• Intensive supervision probation (ISP)

Back 22

control of offenders in the community under strict conditions, by means of frequent reporting to a probation officer whose caseload is generally limited to 30 offenders

Front 23

• Drug court

Back 23

a special court that is given responsibility to treat, sanction, and reward drug offenders with punishment more restrictive than regular probation but less severe than incarceration

Front 24

• Fine

Back 24

a financial penalty used as a criminal sanction

Front 25

• Day fine

Back 25

a financial penalty scaled both to the defendants ability to pay and the seriousness of the crime

Front 26

• Community service

Back 26

a sentence to serve a specified number of hours working in unpaid positions with non profit or tax-supported agencies

Front 27

• Day reporting center (DRC)

Back 27

a community correction center to which an offender reports every day or several days a week for supervision and treatment

Front 28

• Remote location monitoring

Back 28

devices used to remotely monitor the physical location of an offender

Front 29

• Residential community center (RCC)

Back 29

a medium security correctional setting that resident offenders are permitted to leave regularly – unaccompanied by staff) – for work, education, or vocational programs, in the community but require them to return to a locked facility each evening

Front 30

• Boot camp

Back 30

a short institutional term of confinement that includes a physical regimen designed to develop self-discipline, respect for authority, responsibility, and a sense of accomplishment

Front 31

• Community Corrections Acts (CCAs)

Back 31

state laws that give economic grants to local communities to establish community corrections goals and policies and to develop and operate community corrections programs

Front 32

• Rabble management

Back 32

control of people whose noncriminal behavior is offensive to their communities

Front 33

• First generation jail

Back 33

multiple occupancy cells or dorms that line corridors arranged like spokes. Inmate supervision is intermittent, staff must patrol the corridors to observe inmates in their cells

Front 34

• Second generation jail

Back 34

staff remain in a secure control booth surrounded by inmate housing areas called pods and surveillance is remote

Front 35

• Third generation/direct supervision jail

Back 35

inmates are housed in small groups, or pods, staffed 24 hours a day by specially trained officers. Officers interact with inmates to help change behavior. Bars and metal doors are absent, reducing noise and dehumanization

Front 36

• Fourth generation jail

Back 36

incorporates natural light into the dayroom where staff work and inmates spend most of their day, and brings program services, staff, volunteers, and visitors to the housing unit

Front 37

• Sexual victimization

Back 37

all types of sexual activity

Front 38

• Rated capacity

Back 38

maximum number of beds or inmates allocated to each jail facility by a state or local rating official

Front 39

• Pay to stat or self pay jail

Back 39

alternative to serving time in a county jail. Offenders convicted of minor offense are offered privileges for a fee per day

Front 40

• Privatization

Back 40

contract process that shifts public functions, responsibilities, and capital assets, in whole or in part, from the public sector to the private sector

Front 41

• Reentry

Back 41

transition offenders make from prison or jail to the community

Front 42

• Jail accreditation

Back 42

process through which correctional facilities and agencies can measure themselves against nationally adopted standards through which they can receive formal recognition and accredited status

Front 43

• Penitentiary

Back 43

the earliest form of large scale incarceration. It punished criminals by isolating them so that they could reflect on their misdeeds, repent, and reform

Front 44

• Pennsylvania system (separate system)

Back 44

first historical phase of prison discipline, involving solitary confinement in silence instead of corporal punishment; conceived by the American Quakers in 1790 and implemented at the Walnut Street Jail

Front 45

• Auburn system

Back 45

second historical phase of prison discipline, implemented at New York’s Auburn prison in 1815. Followed the Pennsylvania system and allowed inmates to work silently together during the day, but they were isolated at night. Eventually sleeping cells became congregate and restrictions against talking were removed

Front 46

• Public accounts system

Back 46

earliest form of prison industry, in which the warden was responsible for purchasing materials and equipment and for overseeing the manufacture, marketing, and sale of prison made items

Front 47

• Contract system

Back 47

the prison advertised for bids for the employment of prisoners, whose labor was sold to the highest bidder

Front 48

• Convict lease system

Back 48

a prison temporarily relinquished supervision of its prisoners to a lessee. The lessee either employed the prisoners within the institution or transported them to work elsewhere in the state

Front 49

• State use system

Back 49

employs prisoners to manufacture products consumed by state governments and their agencies, departments, and institutions

Front 50

• Public works system

Back 50

prisoners were employed in the construction of public buildings, roads, and parks

Front 51

• Medical model

Back 51

philosophy of prisoner reform in which criminal behavior is regarded as a disease to be treated with appropriate therapy

Front 52

• Classification

Back 52

process of subdividing the inmate population into meaningful categories to match offender needs with correctional resources

Front 53

• External classification

Back 53

interinstitutional placement of an inmate that determines an inmate’s security level

Front 54

• Internal classification

Back 54

intrainstitutional placement that determines through review of an inmate’s background assignment to housing units or cellblocks, work, and programming based on the inmates risk, needs, and time to serve

Front 55

• Unit management system

Back 55

method of controlling prisoners in self contained living areas and making inmates and staff accessible to each other

Front 56

• Federal prison industries (FPI)

Back 56

a federal, paid inmate work program and self supporting corporation

Front 57

• UNICOR

Back 57

trade name of Federal Prison Industries. UNICOR provides such products as U.S. military uniforms

Front 58

• Principle of least eligibility

Back 58

requirement that prison conditions – including the delivery of health care – must be a step below those of the working class and people on welfare

Front 59

• Operational capacity

Back 59

number of inmates that a facilities staff, existing programs, and services can accommodate

Front 60

• Design capacity

Back 60

number of inmates that planners or architects intend for the facility

Front 61

• Justice reinvestment

Back 61

practice of reducing spending on prisons and investing a portion of the savings into infrastructure and civic institutions located in high risk neighborhoods

Front 62

• Open institution

Back 62

minimum security facility that has no fences or walls surrounding it

Front 63

• Clemency

Back 63

kindness, mercy, forgiveness, or leniency, usually relating to criminal acts

Front 64

• Reprieve

Back 64

an executive act that reduces the severity of punishment but person remains guilty

Front 65

• Pardon

Back 65

an executive act that removes both punishment and guilt

Front 66

• Parole

Back 66

conditional release of a prisoner, prior to completion of the imposed sentence, under the supervision of a parole officer

Front 67

• Discretionary release

Back 67

early release based on the paroling authority’s assessment of eligibility

Front 68

• Mandatory release

Back 68

early release after a time period specified by law

Front 69

• Parole eligibility date

Back 69

earliest date on which an inmate might be paroled

Front 70

• Paroling authority

Back 70

person or correctional agency (parole board or parole commission) that has the authority to grant parole, revoke parole, and discharge from parole

Front 71

• Salient factor score (SFS)

Back 71

scale, developed from a risk-screening instrument, used to predict parole outcome

Front 72

• Parolee

Back 72

a person who is conditionally released from prison to community supervision

Front 73

• Nonrevocable parole (NRP)

Back 73

a type of unsupervised parole that cannot be revoked for technical violations; the person does not report to a parole officer

Front 74

• Reentry court

Back 74

a court that manages the return to the community of individuals released from prison