Cj 320 Chapter 4

Front 1

Atavism

Back 1

Refers to the idea that a person or feature of an individual is a throwback to an earlier stage of evolutionary development.

Front 2

Cerebrotonic

Back 2

Type of temperament or personality associated with an ectomorphic (thin) body type: these people tend to be introverted & shy.

Front 3

Craniometry

Back 3

Belief that the size of the brain or skull represents the superiority or inferiority of certain individuals or ethnic or racial groups. (Larger brains/skulls were considered superior)

Front 4

Determinism

Back 4

Assumption that human behavior is caused by factors outside of free will and rational decision making. (Biology, peer influence, poverty, bad parenting) It us the distinctive, primary assumption of positivism.

Front 5

Ectoderm

Back 5

The outer layer of tissue which includes the skin, capillaries, and much of the nervous systems sensors.

Front 6

Ectomorphic

Back 6

Type of body shape associated with an emphasis on the outer layer of tissue (ectoderm) during development: ppl are disposed to be thin.

Front 7

Endoderm

Back 7

Inner layer of tissue in our bodies: digestive organs

Front 8

Endomorphic

Back 8

Type if body shape associated with an emphasis on the inner layer of tissue (endoderm) during development: disposed to be obese

Front 9

Eugenics

Back 9

Study of and use of policies related to improvement of the human race via discriminatory control over reproduction. Improve a species over generations by selective breeding

Front 10

Feeblemindedness

Back 10

Those who had significantly below average levels of intelligence

Front 11

Mesoderm

Back 11

Middle layer of tissue in our bodies: muscles, tendons, none structure

Front 12

Mesomorphic

Back 12

Type of body shape associated with an emphasis on the middle layer of tissue: disposed to be athletic/muscular

Front 13

(MPAa) Minor physical anomalies

Back 13

Physical structures such as asymmetrical or low seated ears: believed to indicate developmental problems - prenatal stage in the womb

Front 14

Phrenology

Back 14

Science determining human dispositions based on distinctions in the skull(bumps) : believed to conform to the shape of Brain

Front 15

Physiognomy

Back 15

Study of facial & other bodily aspects to identify developmental problems; criminality

Front 16

Somatotyping

Back 16

William Sheldon. Links body types to risks for delinquent/criminal behavior. It's a way of ranking body types based on 3 categories: endomorphy, medomorphy, ectomorphy

Front 17

Somotonic

Back 17

Type of temperament or personality associated w/ a mesomorphic (muscular) body type: ppl tend to be risk taking & aggressive

Front 18

Stigmata

Back 18

Lombroso. Physical manifestations of atavism (biological inferiority). Claimed that if a person had more than 5, they were a born criminal, meaning that a person or feature of an individual is a throwback to an earlier stage of evolutionary development & inevitably would be a chronic offender - Big ears, long arms, sharp teeth, eyes wide apart, eyes closer than normal, big puffy cheeks, excessive body hair, etc.

Front 19

Viscerotonic

Back 19

Type of temperament or personality associated with an endomorphic (obese) body type: ppl tend to be jolly, lazy, happy go lucky