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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The social burden that African American police officers carry by being both minority-group members and law enforcement officers
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Double Marginality
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The secretive, insulated police culture that isolates officers from the rest of society
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Blue Curtain
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The belief that most people's actions are motivated solely by personal needs and selfishness
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Cynicism
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The working personalities adopted by police officers that can range from being a social worker in blue to a hard-charging crime fighter
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Police Styles
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The use of personal decision making and choice in carrying out operations in the criminal justice system
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Discretion
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Decision making by police officers that is not subject to administrative review; When a decision is made not to arrest someone or not to stop a speeding vehicle
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Low-Visibility Decision Making
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The theory that police workload influences discretion so that as workload increases, less time and attention can be devoted to new cases, especially petty crimes
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Overload Hypothesis
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The way in which a person outwardly manifests his or her personality
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Demeanor
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Actions such as using abusive language, making threats, using force or coercion unnecessarily, preodding with nightsticks, and stopping and searching people to harass them
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Police Brutality
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Police killing of a suspect who resists arrest or presents a danger to an officer or the community
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Deadly Force
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A public body that conducted an investigation into police corruption in New York City in the early 1970's and uncovered a widespread network of payoffs and bribes
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Knapp Commission
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A term used to describe a police officer who actively solicits bribes and vigorously engages in corrupt practices
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Meat Eater
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A term used for a police officer who accepts payoffs when everyday duties place him or her in a position to be solicited by the public
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Grass Eater
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An investgative unit set up to inquire into police corruption in New york City in the 1990's
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Mollen Commission
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A system that makes police supervisors responsible for the behavior of the officers in their command
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Accountability System
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An order, issued by a judge, directing officers to conduct a search of specified premises for specified objects or persons and to bring these before the court
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Search Warrant
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The requirement that a search warrant state precisely where the search is to take place and what items are to be seized
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Particularity
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The evidentiary criterion necessary to sustain an arrest or the issuance of an arrest or search warrant: set of facts, information, circumstances, or conditions that would lead a reasonable person to believe that an offense was committed and that the accused committed that offense
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Probable Cause
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Testimony that is not firsthand but relates information told by a second party
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Hearsay Evidence
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Emergency or immediate circumstance
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Exigent
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The legal doctrine that allows police tos earch premises where they suspect a crime has been committed without a warrant when delay would endanger their lives or the lives of others and lead to the escape of hte alleged perpetrator
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Hot Pursuit
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A term used to describe a stop and frisk
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Threshold Inquiry
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The situation in which police officers who are suspicious of an individual run their hands lightly over the suspect's outer garments to determine if the person is carrying a concealed weapon
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Stop and Frisk / Pat Down
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An exception to the search warrant rule, limited to the immediate surrounding area
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Search Incident to a Lawful Arrest
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Police investigation technique in which officers board a bus or train without suspicion of illegal activity and question passengers, asking for identification and seeking permission to search their baggage
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Bus Sweep
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The principle that a suspect can be questioned in the field without a Miranda warning if the information the police seek is needed to protect the public
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Public Safety Doctrine
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The administrative record of an arrest, listing hte offender's name, address, physical description, date of birth, employer, time of arrest, offense, and name of arresting officer; it also includes photographing and fingerprinting of the offender
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Booking
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Placing a suspect in a group for the purpose of his or her being viewed and identified by a witness
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Lineup
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The principle that prohibits using illegally obtained evidence in a trial
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Exclusionry Rule
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The principle that evidence may be used in a criminal trial even though the search warrant is used to obtain it was technically faulty, as long as the police acted in good faith when they sought the warrant from a judge
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Good Faith Exception
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The Principle that evidence can be used in court even though the information that led to its descover was obtained in violation of the Miranda rule if a judge finds it wouldd have been discovered anyway by other means or sources
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Inevitable Discovery Rules
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