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251 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Every vote is _____ .
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IMPORTANT
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Making goods or providing services
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PRODUCTION
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What determines what is purchased?
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- CONSUMER PREFERENCE
- PRICE |
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When does voter registration close?
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29 DAYS BEFORE THE ELECTION
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What determines price?
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THE INTERACTION OF SUPPLY AND DEMAND
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Why do citizens often fail to vote?
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- LACK OF INTEREST (APATHY)
- FAILURE TO REGISTER |
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Name four types of resources.
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- NATURAL
- HUMAN - CAPITAL - ENTREPRENEURSHIP |
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Name four major economic systems
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- FREE MARKET
- COMMAND ECONOMY - MIXED ECONOMY - TRADITIONAL |
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Few rights, if any, are considered ______.
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ABSOLUTE
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____ are used to change economic behavior.
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INCENTIVES
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What is required before a citizen may vote?
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VOTER REGISTRATION
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What are the two houses of Congress?
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THE SENATE AND THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
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Which president ran and won as a third party
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ABRAHAM LINCOLN
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What determines what is produced? (2)
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- RESOURCES AVAILABLE
- CONSUMER PREFERENCES |
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What type of economic system is in the U.S.?
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MIXED ECONOMY
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The FED is the ____________________________.
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FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM
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What government body makes laws for Virginia?
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THE VIRGINIA GENERAL ASSEMBLY
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The FED regulates the ______________________.
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MONEY SUPPLY
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In such a system of government the people rule.
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DEMOCRACY
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What government body makes laws for the nation?
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CONGRESS
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Civic responsibilities are ____________________.
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VOLUNTARY
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The government both promotes and regulates ___ .
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COMPETITION
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Competition results in:
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BETTER QUALITY GOODS AND SERVICES AT A LOWER PRICE
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The inability to satisfy all wants at the same time
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SCARCITY
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How is private property protected?
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BY NEGOTIATED CONTRACTS THAT ARE ENFORCEABLE BY LAW
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What is the introduction to the Constitution called?
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THE PREAMBLE
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What are the 2 means of obtaining U. S. citizenship?
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BIRTH OR NATURALIZATION
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What two kinds of legal conflicts do courts resolve?
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CRIMINAL AND CIVIL
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The executive branch at the state and national levels -
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CARRIES OUT THE LAW
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People are the source of any and all governmental power.
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CONSENT OF THE GOVERNED
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How many amendments have been added to the Constitution?
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27
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Increased government spending may result in _____ taxes.
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HIGHER
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Decreased government spending may result in _____ taxes.
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LOWER
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The government and those who govern are bound by the law.
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RULE OF LAW
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Name five first amendment freedoms.
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FREEDOM OF:
- SPEECH - RELIGION - PRESS - ASSEMBLY - PETITION |
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Is running for political office inexpensive or expensive?
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EXPENSIVE
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The power of the federal executive branch is defined in -
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THE U.S. CONSTITUTION
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People have to make choices because resources are _____ .
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LIMITED
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What are some examples of public goods and services?
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- INTERSTATE HIGHWAYS
- POSTAL SERVICE - NATIONAL DEFENSE |
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The power of the Virginia executive branch is defined in -
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THE STATE CONSTITUTION
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These courts hear juvenile and family cases; judge/no jury
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JUVENILE AND DOMESTIC RELATIONS DISTRICT COURT
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Is paying taxes a “civic duty” or a “civic responsibility”?
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CIVIC DUTY
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Is obeying laws a “civic duty” or a “civic responsibility”?
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CIVIC DUTY
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What determines the number of electors given to each state?
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THE STATE’S CONGRESSIONAL REPRESENTATION
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Government officials use the media to ____________________.
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COMMUNICATE WITH THE PUBLIC
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What kind of advancements create new jobs in the workplace?
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TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS
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What are the factors in predicting which citizens will vote?
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EDUCATION, AGE, INCOME
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Who helps the executive branch interpret and carry out laws?
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- CABINET DEPARTMENTS
- AGENCIES - REGULATORY GROUPS |
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What are the first words in the Preamble to the Constitution?
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WE THE PEOPLE...
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These courts here appeals from circuit courts; judges, no jury
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COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA
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Federal courts that hear original jurisdiction; judge and jury
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U.S. DISTRICT COURT
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In handling juvenile cases, judges have _____________________.
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GREATER LATITUDE
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The two amendments which provide due process protections are -
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THE 5TH AND 14TH AMENDMENTS
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The _________ has the power of judicial review over state laws.
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STATE SUPREME COURT
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That which is given up when a choice is made is called ___ __ .
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OPPORTUNITY COST
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Why do Virginia and the United States trade with other nations?
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TO INCREASE WEALTH
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Under the Articles of Confederation, most power resided with the:
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STATES
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In a civil case, a court settles ________________________________
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A DISAGREEMENT BETWEEN TWO PARTIES
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The amount of money exchanged for a good or service is the ____ .
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PRICE
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In a proprietorship, who takes all the risks and all the profits?
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A SINGLE OWNER
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Is registering to vote a “civic duty” or a “civic responsibility”?
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CIVIC RESPONSIBILITY (VOLUNTARY)
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What are some of the duties of the local legislative branch?
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- TO MAKE ORDINANCES FOR THE COMMUNITY;
- TO APPROVE THE ANNUAL BUDGET |
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The U.S. Court system consists of:
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- U.S. SUPREME COURT
- U.S. COURT OF APPEALS - U.S. DISTRICT COURT |
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What are some examples of private financial institutions?
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BANKS, SAVINGS AND LOANS, CREDIT UNIONS, AND SECURITIES BROKERAGES
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What do citizens face who choose not to fulfill their civic duties?
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LEGAL CONSEQUENCE (JAIL OR FINES)
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Third parties _____ win elections, but they play an important role.
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RARELY
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What are the qualifications to register to vote in Virginia?
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MUST BE A U.S. CITIZEN, A VA RESIDENT, 18 YEARS OLD BY ELECTION DAY
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What are the some of the executive "checks" on the judicial branch?
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APPOINTS FEDERAL JUDGES
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What are the some of the judicial "checks" on the executive branch?
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MAY DECLARE EXECUTIVE ACTS UNCONSTITUTIONAL
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What makes one type of economic system different from others?
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THE EXTENT OF GOVERNMENT INVOLVEMENT IN ECONOMIC DECISION MAKING 11
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In which form of business is owner liability limited to investment?
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CORPORATION
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In a _____ case, a court settles a disagreement between two parties.
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CIVIL
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The government can ___, ___, and ___ to influence economic activity.
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TAX, BORROW AND SPEND
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____ seek individuals who have kept pace with technological changes.
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EMPLOYERS
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Who creates and controls all powers of local governments in Virginia?
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THE STATE
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What are the some of the legislative "checks" on the judicial branch?
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- APPROVES FEDERAL JUDGES
- MAY IMPEACH FEDERAL JUDGES |
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What are the some of the judicial "checks" on the legislative branch?
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MAY DECLARE LAWS UNCONSTITUTIONAL
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The using of goods and services is known as ________________________.
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CONSUMPTION
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One characteristic of the U.S. economy is profit. Profit consists of:
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EARNINGS AFTER ALL EXPENSES HAVE BEEN PAID.
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The Federal Reserve System (Fed) is the ___ ___ of the United States.
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CENTRAL BANK
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What does the Fed do to slow the economy?
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THE FED CAN RESTRICT THE MONEY SUPPLY, CAUSING INTEREST RATES TO RISE
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How are consumer rights protected?
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CONSUMERS MAY TAKE LEGAL ACTION AGAINST VIOLATIONS OF CONSUMER RIGHTS
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What are the some of the legislative "checks" on the executive branch?
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MAY OVERRIDE VETOES; MAY IMPEACH A PRESIDENT
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What are the some of the executive "checks" on the legislative branch?
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MAY VETO ACTS OF CONGRESS; MAY CALL CONGRESS INTO SPECIAL SESSION
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The 14th Amendment prohibits ________ from acting in an unfair manner.
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STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS
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How do governments get the money to produce public goods and services?
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THROUGH TAX REVENUE AND THROUGH BORROWED FUNDS
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Government _____ ___ increase funds for private and business spending.
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TAX DECREASES
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What are some of the primary responsibilities of the state governments?
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TO PROMOTE PUBLIC HEALTH, SAFETY, AND WELFARE
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The highest court in the U.S. It has the final power of judicial review
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SUPREME COURT
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The high cost of getting elected gives an advantage to _____ candidates.
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WEALTHY
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The U.S. Court system consists of:
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The U.S. Court system consists of:
- U.S. SUPREME COUR - U.S. COURTS OF APPEALS - U.S. DISTRICT COURTS |
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A business partnership has ___ ____ who share the risks and the profits.
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TWO OR MORE OWNERS
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Individuals have the right of private ownership, which is protected by -
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NEGOTIATED CONTRACTS THAT ARE ENFORCEABLE BY LAW
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The American political process is characterized by a ___ - ______ system.
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TWO-PARTY
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Rising campaign costs encourage the development of (PACs). What are PACs?
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POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEES
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What are some of the primary responsibilities of the national government?
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- CONDUCT FOREIGN POLICY
- REGULATE COMMERCE |
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Name five characteristics of the U.S. economy.
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- FREE MARKETS
- PRIVATE PROPERTY - PROFIT; - COMPETITION - CONSUMER SOVEREIGNTY - INDIVIDUAL CHOICE |
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What is the relationship between skills, education, and income?
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HIGHER SKILL(S) AND/OR EDUCATION LEVEL(S) GENERALLY LEAD TO HIGHER INCOMES
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What is “due process”?
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THE CONSTITUTIONAL PROTECTION AGAINST UNFAIR GOVERNMENTAL ACTIONS AND LAWS.
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How does the “winner take all” system affect how candidates campaign?
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CANDIDATES TARGET LARGE STATES WITH THE GREATEST NUMBER OF ELECTORAL VOTES.
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A person accused of a crime may be arrested if the police have _____ ____..
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PROBABLE CAUSE
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After arrest, the accused may be committed to jail or ____________________.
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RELEASED ON BAIL
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A person who takes a risk to produce goods and services in search of profit
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ENTREPRENEUR
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Worldwide markets, buying and selling of goods and services by all nations.
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GLOBAL ECONOMY
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Where does Congress get the authority to tax personal and business incomes?
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16th AMENDMENT
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Which amendment extends the due process protection to actions of the states?
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THE 14TH AMENDMENT
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Rising campaign costs have led to efforts to reform through _______________.
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CAMPAIGN FINANCE LAWS
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What do magistrates do?
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- ISSUE SEARCH WARRANTS
- ISSUE SUBPOENAS - ISSUE ARREST WARRANTS - ISSUE SUMMONS - SET BAIL |
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The judicial function is exercised in a dual court system, which consists of:
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STATE AND FEDERAL COURTS
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The number of citizens who register and vote is related to __________________.
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HOW IMPORTANT THE ELECTION ISSUES ARE TO CITIZENS
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The powers of the local governments in Virginia are _________________________.
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DERIVED FROM THE STATE
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These courts try cases involving federal law and U.S. Constitutional questions
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FEDERAL COURTS
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One characteristic of the U.S. economy is free markets. This means:
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MARKETS ARE ALLOWED TO OPERATE WITHOUT UNDUE INTERFERENCE FROM THE GOVERNMENT.
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Why would the Fed increase the money supply, causing interest rates to decline?
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TO STIMULATE THE ECONOMY
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Job income is influenced by education, skills and ____________________________.
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SUPPLY AND DEMAND (JOBS IN HIGHER DEMAND AND SHORTER SUPPLY WILL PAY MORE)
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Why does the Preamble to the Constitution begin with the words, “We the people”?
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THESE WORDS ESTABLISH THAT THE POWER OF GOVERNMENT COMES FROM THE PEOPLE.
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Is serving on a jury or as a witness a “civic duty” or a “civic responsibility”?
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CIVIC DUTY
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Legislative powers are both ____ and ____ .
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EXPRESSED (SPECIFICALLY LISTED) AND IMPLIED (USED TO CARRY OUT EXPRESSED POWERS)
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One characteristic of the U.S. economy is consumer sovereignty.. This means:
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CONSUMERS DETERMINE THROUGH PURCHASES, WHAT GOODS AND SERVICES WILL BE PRODUCED.
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If third parties rarely win, why are they important?
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THEY INTRODUCE NEW IDEAS AND SOMETIMES INFLUENCE THE OUTCOME FOR OTHER CANDIDATES
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What are some of the duties of Congress?
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MAKES LAWS FOR NATION; APPROVES ANNUAL BUDGET; APPROVES PRESIDENTIAL APPOINTMENTS
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How do interest groups influence public policy?
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IDENTIFYING ISSUES; MAKING POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS; LOBBYING GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS
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The 5th Amendment prohibits the _____ government from acting in an unfair manner.
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NATIONAL
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What is “the media”?
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NEWSPAPERS, TV, THE INTERNET AND ANY WAYS INFORMATION IS DISTRIBUTED TO THE PUBLIC
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How do financial institutions like banks encourage saving and investing?
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PRIVATE FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS ACT AS INTERMEDIARIES BETWEEN SAVERS AND BORROWERS.
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Are citizens required to fulfill their civic duties, or are civic duties voluntary?
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REQUIRED
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Rising campaign costs require candidates to conduct extensive ___-_____ activities.
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FUND-RAISING
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What document defines the process by which changes can be made to the Constitution?
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THE CONSTITUTION ITSELF DEFINES THE PROCESS.
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Government ____ _____ reduce the funds available for private and business spending.
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TAX INCREASES
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Which amendment defines ‘citizens’ as ‘all persons born or naturalized in the U.S.’?
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14TH AMENDMENT
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What is the 1st Amendment freedom that protects people's right to peacefully gather?
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FREEDOM OF ASSEMBLY
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Is serving in the armed forces if called a “civic duty” or a “civic responsibility”?
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CIVIC DUTY
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Virginia and the United States _____in the production of certain goods and services.
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SPECIALIZE
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Increased government spending _____ demand, which may ___ employment and production.
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MAY INCREASE, INCREASE
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What are some of the important duties of a citizen?
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OBEY LAWS, PAY TAXES, SERVE IN ARMED FORCES, SERVE ON A JURY OR AS A WITNESS IN COURT
|
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What do officials who are elected to serve in the state and national legislatures do?
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THEY MAKE LAWS
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What are three ways the Federal Reserve Bank can slow the economy?
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INCREASE THE RESERVE REQUIREMENT; RAISE THE DISCOUNT RATE; SELL GOVERNMENT SECURITIES
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People elect public officeholders to make laws and conduct government on their behalf.
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REPRESENTATIVE GOVERNMENT
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These courts hear misdemeanors cases; Civil cases less than $1000; Judge only, no jury
|
GENERAL DISTRICT COURT
|
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In the U.S. economy, what flows continuously among households, businesses and markets?
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RESOURCES, GOODS AND SERVICES
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_____ government spending reduces demand, which may result in a ______ of the economy.
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LESS , SLOWING
|
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To become a citizen through naturalization, what must a person demonstrate?
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KNOWLEDGE OF AMERICAN HISTORY AND PRINCIPLES AND THE ABILITY TO SPEAK AND WRITE ENGLISH
|
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The Constitution establishes and protects the citizen's fundamental _______ and ______.
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RIGHTS AND LIBERTIES
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Seeking to influence legislators to introduce or vote for or against a bill is called -
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LOBBYING
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__________ issue search warrants, subpoenas, arrest warrants, and summons and set bail.
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MAGISTRATES
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in a civil case, the ____ files a complaint to recover damages or receive compensation.
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PLAINTIFF
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These courts which try civil and criminal cases are part of the state's judicial branch.
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CIRCUIT COURTS
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In the U.S., who determines through purchases, what goods and services will be produced?
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CONSUMERS
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What are three ways the Federal Reserve Bank can stimulate the economy?
|
LOWER THE RESERVE REQUIREMENT; LOWERS THE DISCOUNT RATE; PURCHASES GOVERNMENT SECURITIES
|
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Due to rising campaign costs, campaign finance reform laws have been passed which limit -
|
THE AMOUNT INDIVIDUALS AND PACs CAN CONTRIBUTE TO POLITICAL CANDIDATES AND CAMPAIGNS 5
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A ________ legislature has two houses (e.g., the Senate and the House of Representatives)
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BICAMERAL
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A form of business organization with one owner who takes all the risks and all the profits
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PROPRIETORSHIP
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Free markets are markets that are allowed to operate without ____ ___ from the government.
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UNDUE INTERFERENCE
|
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A form of business organization with one owner who takes all the risks and all the profits
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PROPRIETORSHIP
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A form of business organization with two or more owners who share the risks and the profits
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PARTNERSHIP
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The amount of a good or service that consumers are willing and able to buy at a certain price
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DEMAND
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Governments use ___ ___ from individuals and businesses to provide public goods and services.
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TAX REVENUE
|
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Employers want hard-working employees. They want employees who have ________________________.
|
A STRONG WORK ETHIC
|
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The amount of a good or service that producers are willing and able to sell at a certain price
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SUPPLY
|
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Who does the economic decision-making in the U.S.? It’s share by ____________________________.
|
INDIVIDUALS, BUSINESSES AND GOVERNMENT
|
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How does the U.S. government protect consumer rights and property rights?
|
THE GOVERNMENT PASSES LAWS AND CREATES AGENCIES TO PROTECT CONSUMER RIGHTS AND PROPERTY RIGHTS
|
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The __________ process is used to select the President and Vice President of the United States.
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ELECTORAL COLLEGE
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What do individual and business savings do for the economy?
|
PROVIDE FINANCIAL CAPITAL THAT CAN BE BORROWED FOR BUSINESS EXPANSION AND INCREASED CONSUMPTION
|
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Government is not all-powerful and may do only those things people have given it the power to do.
|
LIMITED GOVERNMENT
|
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Which of the documents that influenced the Constitution served as a model for the Bill of Rights?
|
THE VIRGINIA DECLARATION OF RIGHTS
|
|
What are the reasons stated in the preamble for creating the government?
|
- FORM A UNION
- ESTABLISH JUSTICE - ENSURE DOMESTIC PEACE (TRANQUILITY) - PROVIDE DEFENSE - PROMOTE GENERAL WELFARE - SECURE LIBERTY |
|
How do citizens make informed choices among candidates in elections?
|
VOTERS MUST EVALUATE INFORMATION PRESENTED IN POLITICAL CAMPAIGNS, LOOKING FOR BIAS AND ACCURACY.
|
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The constitutional protection against unfair governmental actions and laws is called ____ _____ .
|
DUE PROCESS
|
|
Name five fundamental political principles that shaped our Constitution and our government.
|
- CONSENT OF THE GOVERNED
- LIMITED GOVERNMENT - RULE OF LAW - DEMOCRACY - REPRESENTATIVE GOVERNMENT |
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What does it mean to say that few rights, if any, are considered absolute? Give an example.
|
FREEDOM OF SPEECH DOES NOT MEAN A PERSON HAS THE RIGHT TO SHOUT “FIRE” IN A CROWDED MOVIE THEATER.
|
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Public goods and services provide benefits to many simultaneously, but would not be available if -
|
INDIVIDUALS HAD TO PROVIDE THEM
|
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The power of ________is an important check on the legislative and executive branches of government.
|
JUDICIAL REVIEW
|
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Which document protects the fundamental freedoms of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition?
|
THE BILL OF RIGHTS (THE FIRST 10 AMENDMENTS)
|
|
Legislative powers that are specifically listed in the U.S. or state constitutions are _____ powers.
|
EXPRESSED
|
|
What are some of the duties of the state's legislative branch?
|
- TO MAKE LAWS FOR VIRGINIA
- APPROVE BIENNIAL (TWO-YEAR) BUDGET - EXERCISE POWER UNDER THE 10TH AMENDMENT |
|
How does the electoral college process affect the voting outcome?
|
THE RESULT IS A “WINNER TAKE ALL SYSTEM”. EACH STATE GIVES ALL OF ITS ELECTORAL VOTES TO ONE CANDIDATE.
|
|
How does the electoral college favor a two-party system?
|
A THIRD PARTY CANDIDATE MAY GET A SUBSTANCIAL VOTE IN EACH STATE, BUT END UP WITH ZERO ELECTORAL VOTES.
|
|
The powers NOT given to the national government by the Constitution of the United States of America are:
|
RESERVED FOR THE STATES
|
|
SOL CE.8b –What Supreme Court decision established the principle of judicial review at the national level?
|
MARBURY V. MADISON
|
|
What is the impact of technological innovation on world trade?
|
- CONTRIBUTES TO THE GLOBAL FLOW OF INFORMATION, CAPITAL, GOODS, AND SERVICES
- LOWERS THE COST OF PRODUCTION. |
|
Separating power among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches helps prevent any one branch from -
|
ABUSING ITS POWER
|
|
Which of the documents that influenced the Constitution guaranteed freedom of religious beliefs and opinions?
|
VIRGINIA STATUTE FOR RELIGIOUS
|
|
What is the 1st Amendment freedom that protects people's right to make their views known to public officials?
|
FREEDOM OF PETITION
|
|
How does one register in Virginia?
|
- IN PERSON AT THE REGISTRAR'S OFFICE
- IN PERSON AT THE DIVISION OF MOTOR VEHICLES (DMV) - IN PERSON AT OTHER DESIGNATED SITES - BY MAIL |
|
A corporation is a form of business that is authorized by law, regardless of the number of owners, to act as:
|
A LEGAL PERSON
|
|
What are some of the strategies for evaluating campaign speeches, literature, and advertisements for accuracy?
|
- VOTERS SHOULD TRY TO SEPARATE FACT FROM OPINION;
- LOOK FOR BIAS - EVALUATE SOURCES - IDENTIFY PROPAGANDA |
|
In a winner-take-all electoral college system, why should candidates pay any attention at all to small states?
|
IN A TIGHT RACE, THE ELECTORAL VOTES OF SMALL STATES MAY MAKE THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN WINNING AND LOSING.
|
|
The government promotes competition by enforcing ____ legislation to discourage the development of monopolies.
|
ANTITRUST
|
|
A defendant may be appointed an attorney and a plea is entered when a case proceeds to ________________________.
|
ARRAIGNMENT
|
|
What would be the benefit for a business owner of turning his business into a corporation?
|
IF THE BUSINESS FAILS, THE OWNER WON’T LOSE HIS PERSONAL SAVINGS BECAUSE HIS LIABILITY IS LIMITED TO INVESTMENT.
|
|
Legislative powers that are not specifically listed but are used to carry out expressed powers are ______ powers.
|
IMPLIED
|
|
Immigration and naturalization, particularly in the twentieth century, have led to an increasingly ______ society.
|
DIVERSE
|
|
What are three government agencies that oversee the way individuals and companies do business?
|
• FCC (FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION)
• EPA (ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY) • FTC (FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION) |
|
The government can increase funds available for borrowing by individuals and businesses by ______________________.
|
REDUCING THE AMOUNT IT BORROWS
|
|
Where does the local executive branch get its authority?
|
ELECTED OR APPOINTED BY THE BOARD OF SUPERVISORS OR CITY COUNCIL; CITY OR COUNTY MANAGERS HIRED BY LOCAL LEGISLATURES
|
|
One characteristic of the U.S. economy is competition. This means -
|
RIVALRY BETWEEN PRODUCERS/SELLERS OF A GOOD OR SERVICE RESULTS IN BETTER QUALITY GOODS AND SERVICES AT A LOWER PRICE.
|
|
These courts hear felony criminal cases and civil cases over $1,000; hear appeals from district courts; judge and jury
|
CIRCUIT COURT (VA JUDICIAL BRANCH)
|
|
The Federal Reserve bank acts as a banker’s bank by issuing currency and regulating the amount of _____ in circulation.
|
MONEY
|
|
How are the major political parties different?
|
THEY EXPRESS DIFFERENT VIEWS ON ISSUES WHICH ARE STATED IN THE PARTY'S PLATFORM AND STATED BY CANDIDATES IN THE CAMPAIGN
|
|
The _____________ is the supreme law of the land CONSTITUTION State laws must conform to: THE VIRGINIA AND UNITED STATES
|
CONSTITUTIONS
|
|
The powers of the national government are either _______ or ________ in the Constitution of the United States of America.
|
EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED
|
|
A system of _____ and _____ gives each of the three branches of government ways to limit the powers of the other branches.
|
CHECKS AND BALANCES
|
|
Political parties play a key role in government and provide opportunities for citizens to _______ in the political process.
|
PARTICIPATE
|
|
The government increases government borrowing in order to _____ funds available for borrowing by individuals and businesses.
|
REDUCE
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Which document stated grievances against the king of Great Britain and declared the colonies’ independence from Great Britain?
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THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE
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The Constitution of the United States of America establishes a federal form of government in which the ___________ is supreme.
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NATIONAL GOVERNMENT
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Which of the documents that influenced the Constitution guaranteed the colonists the same rights given to all English citizens?
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CHARTERS OF THE VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON
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A person with certain rights and duties under a government, and who, by birth or by choice, owes allegiance to that government.
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A CITIZEN
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This is the court of final appeal (Appellate jurisdiction) in VA; limited original jurisdiction (most cases tried elsewhere first)
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VIRGINIA SUPREME COURT
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Virginia, like each of the other forty-nine states, has its own court system whose organization and jurisdiction are derived from -
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VIRGINIA’S CONSTITUTION AND STATE LAWS
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The Constitution establishes the principle of _________ which is the division of power between the states and the national government.
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FEDERALISM
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Characteristics of a _____ economy are central ownership of property and resources; centrally-planned economy; lack of consumer choice
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COMMAND
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In a ______ case, a court determines whether a person accused of breaking the law is guilty or not guilty of a misdemeanor or a felony.
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CRIMINAL
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How can individuals influence public policy?
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• PARTICIPATING IN POLITICS (VOTING, CAMPAIGNING);
• EXPRESSING OPINIONS (LOBBYING, DEMONSTRATING, WRITING LETTERS); • JOINING INTEREST GROUPS |
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How does the government promotes marketplace competition?
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• Enforcing antitrust legislation to discourage the development of monopolies
• Engaging in global trade • Supporting business start-ups |
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What are the functions of political parties?
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• RECRUITING AND NOMINATING CANDIDATES
• EDUCATING THE ELECTORATE ABOUT CAMPAIGN ISSUES • HELPING CANDIDATES WIN ELECTIONS • MONITORING ACTIONS |
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Virginia's court system consists of:
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• VIRGINIA SUPREME COURT; COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA
• CIRCUIT COURT; • GENERAL DISTRICT COURT • JUVENILE AND DOMESTIC RELATIONS DISTRICT COURT |
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What do PACs do?
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POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEES (PACS) ARE ORGANIZATIONS DEDICATED TO RAISING AND SPENDING MONEY TO EITHER ELECT OR DEFEAT POLITICAL CANDIDATES.
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Which amendment gives newspaper and TV reporters the right to gather and publish information, including that which criticizes the government?
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FREEDOM OF THE PRESS
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In a mixed economy individuals and business are the decision makers for the ____ sector, and government is decision maker in the ____ sector.
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PRIVATE ------ PUBLIC
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How are the major political parties similar?
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• BOTH INFLUENCE PUBLIC POLICIES;
• BOTH REFLECT BOTH LIBERAL AND CONSERVATIVE VIEWS • BOTH WIN MAJORITY SUPPORT BY APPEALING TO THE POLITICAL CENTER |
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How can a person born in a different country become a U.S. citizen?
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THROUGH THE PROCESS OF NATURALIZATION, WHICH REQUIRES AMONG OTHER THINGS THAT THE PERON LEARN ENGLISH AND LEARN ABOUT U.S. HISTORY AND GOVERNMENT
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The Supreme Court of the US and VA determine the constitutionality of laws and acts of the executive branch. This power is called ________________.
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JUDICIAL REVIEW
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One characteristic of the U.S. economy is private property. This means:
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INDIVIDUALS AND BUSINESSES HAVE THE RIGHT TO OWN PERSONAL PROPERTY AS WELL AS THE MEANS OF PRODUCTION WITHOUT UNDUE INTERFERENCE FROM THE GOVERNMENT.
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Characteristics of a ___ ___ economy are private ownership of property and resources; profit; competition; consumer sovereignty and individual choice.
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FREE MARKET
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How does the electoral college select the President and Vice President of the United States?
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THE SLATE OF ELECTORS FOR EACH STATE IS CHOSEN BY POPULAR VOTE DURING THE GENERAL ELECTION; THE ELECTORS MEET TO VOTE FOR PRESIDENT AND VICE PRESIDENT.
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What are the steps in the lawmaking process in the Virginia Assembly and Congress?
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• INTRODUCING A BILL;
• WORKING IN COMMITTEE; • DEBATING ON THE FLOOR • VOTING ON A BILL BY BOTH HOUSES • SIGNING THE BILL INTO LAW BY THE PRESIDENT OR GOVERNOR |
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Businesses (producers) buy ____; make products that are sold to individuals, other businesses, and the government; and use the profits to buy more ____.
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RESOURCES - RESOURCES
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When selecting a career, one should be aware of one’s individual talents, interests, and aspirations. Career planning starts with _____________________.
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SELF-ASSESSMENT
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How do third parties differ from the two major parties?
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• THEY INTRODUCE NEW IDEAS OR PRESS FOR A PARTICULAR ISSUE;
• THEY OFTEN REVOLVE AROUND A POLITICAL PERSONALITY (E.G., THEODORE ROOSEVELT'S BULL MOOSE PARTY) |
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What are some of the duties of the state's executive branch (the governor)?
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• CARRIES OUT VA LAWS
• PREPARES BIENNIEL BUDGET FOR THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY • APPOINTS CABINET OFFICERS AND BOARDS • ADMINISTERS THE BUREAUCRACY • GRANTS PARDONS |
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What were the Articles of Confederation? Why didn’t they work?
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• THE FIRST PLAN OF NATIONAL GOVERNMENT
• MAINTAINED THAT MAJOR POWERS RESIDED WITH THE STATES • PROVIDED FOR A WEAK CENTRAL GOVERNMENT WITH NO POWER TO TAX OR ENFORCE LAWS |
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Under this plan of government, the weakness of the central government which was given no power to tax or enforce laws led to the writing of the Constitution.
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ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION
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What are some personal traits of good citizens?
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• TRUSTWORTHINESS AND HONESTY
• COURTESY AND RESPECT FOR THE RIGHTS OF OTHERS • RESPONSIBILITY, ACCOUNTABILITY, AND SELF-RELIANCE • RESPECT FOR THE LAW • PATRIOTISM |
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This document establishes the structure of the U.S. Government, guarantees equality under the law with majority rule and the rights of the minority protected.
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CONSTITUTION (INCLUDING THE BILL OF RIGHTS) 2
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The percentage of voters who participate in presidential elections is usually _______ than the percentage of voters who participate in state and local elections.
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GREATER
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What are some of the duties of the President?
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• EXECUTES LAW OF THE LAND
• PREPARES ANNUAL BUDGET FOR CONGRESSIONAL ACTION • APPOINTS CABINET OFFICERS • AMBASSADORS, AND FEDERAL JUDGES • ADMINISTERS FEDERAL BUREAUCRACY |
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What influence does the media have on public policy and policymakers?
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THE MEDIA FOCUSES PUBLIC ATTENTION ON SELECTED ISSUES; OFFERS A FORUM IN WHICH OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS ARE COMMUNICATED; HOLDS GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS ACCOUNTABLE TO THE PUBLIC
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This economic system is the most common in the world today. The government plays a bigger roll than in a free market economy, but less of a role than in the command economy.
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MIXED ECONOMY
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This court is part of United States Federal Court System - Mostly appeals (appellate jurisdiction), limited original (most cases are tried elsewhere first) ; Justices/no jury
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U.S. SUPREME COURT
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What role does the media play in the political process?
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• FAMILIARIZES THE PUBLIC WITH THE CANDIDATES
• EMPHASIZES CERTAIN SELECTED ISSUES • EXPRESSES OPINIONS IN EDITORIALS, POLITICAL CARTOONS, and OP-ED PIECES • BROADCASTS DIFFERENT POINTS OF VIEW |
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Name five documents of American history that influenced the development of the Constitution and constitutional government.
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• CHARTERS OF THE VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON
• VIRGINIA DECLARATION OF RIGHTS • DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE • ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION • VIRGINIA STATUTE FOR RELIGIOUS FREEDOM |
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A form of business organization that is authorized by law to act as a legal person regardless of the number of owners. Owners share the profits. Owner liability is limited to investment.
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CORPORATION
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KNOW THE 14TH AMENDMENT!! The 14th Amendment is important because:
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IT DEFINES A CITIZEN AS ANYONE BORN OR NATURALIZED IN THE U.S; IT EXTENDS ‘DUE PROCESS’ PROTECTIONS TO THE STATES (STATES CAN’T VIOLATE INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS OF CITIZENS) ; IT GUARANTEES “EQUAL PROTECTION OF THE LAWS”.
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Which of the documents that influenced the Constitution brought forth the idea that people have "certain unalienable rights" (life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness) and that all people are equal under the law?
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DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE
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Due process protections are provided in the 5th and 14th amendments. The 5th amendment protects citizens from unfair treatment by the ____, and the 14th amendment protects citizens from unfair treatment by the ______ .
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NATIONAL GOVERNMENT STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS
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Why do states and nations trade?
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• TO OBTAIN GOODS AND SERVICES THEY CANNOT PRODUCE OR PRODUCE EFFICIENTLY THEMSELVES
• TO BUY GOODS AND SERVICES AT A LOWER COST OR A LOWER OPPORTUNITY COST • TO SELL GOODS AND SERVICES TO OTHER COUNTRIES • TO CREATE JOBS |
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How does the executive branch influence policymaking?
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• PROPOSING LEGISLATION IN AN ANNUAL SPEECH TO THE LEGISLATURE (STATE OF THE COMMONWEALTH OR STATE OF THE UNION ADDRESS)
• APPEALING DIRECTLY TO THE PEOPLE • APPROVING OR VETOING LEGISLATION • APPOINTING OFFICIALS WHO CARRY OUT THE LAWS |
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How can the Constitution be amended?
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• CONGRESS OR A SPECIAL CONVENTION PROPOSES AN AMENDMENT (2/3 VOTE)
• AMENDMENT MUST BE RATIFIED BY THE STATES (3/4 VOTE) |
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What are some responsibilities of citizens?
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• REGISTER AND VOTE
• HOLD ELECTIVE OFFICE • INFLUENCE GOVERNMENT BY COMMUNICATING WITH GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS • SERVE IN VOLUNTARY APPOINTED POSITIONS • PARTICIPATE IN POLITICAL CAMPAIGNS • KEEP INFORMED REGARDING CURRENT ISSUES • RESPECT OTHERS' RIGHTS TO AN EQUAL VOICE IN GOVERNMENT |
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Is the Constitution frequently amended?
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NO, THE PROCESS IS COMPLEX. TO DATE, THE CONSTITUTION HAS BEEN AMENDED ONLY 27 TIMES.
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