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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
kinetic-molecular theory
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is based on the idea that particles of matter are always in motion
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ideal gas
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is a hypothetical gas that perfectly fits all the assumptions of the kinetic-molecular theory
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elastic collision
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is one in which there is no net loss of total kinetic energy
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diffusion
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spontaneous mixing of the particles of two substances caused by their random motion
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effusion
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a process by which gas particles pass through a tiny opening
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real gas
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a gas that does not behave completely according to the assumptions of the kinetic-molecular theory
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fluid
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a substance that can flow and therefore take the shape of its container
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surface tension
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a force that tends to pull adjacent parts of a liquid's surface together, thereby decreasing surface area to the smallest possible size
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capillary action
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the attraction of the surface of a liquid to the surface of a solid
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vaporization
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the process by which a liquid or solid changes to a gas
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evaporation
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the process by which particles escape from the surface of a non-boiling liquid and enter the gas state
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freezing or solidification
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the physical change of a liquid to a solid by removal of energy as heat
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phase
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any part of a system that has uniform composition and properties
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condensation
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the process by which a gas changes to a liquid
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equilibrium
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a dynamic condition in which two opposing changes occur at equal rates in a closed system
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equilibrium vapor pressure
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the pressure exerted by a vapor in equilibrium with its corresponding liquid at a given temperature
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volatile liquids
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liquids that evaporate readily
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boiling
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is the conversion of a liquid to a vapor within the liquid as well as at its surface
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boiling point
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the temperature at which the equilibrium vapor pressure of the liquid equals the atmosphere pressure
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molar enthalpy of vaporization
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the amount of energy as heat that is needed to vaporize one mole of liquid's boiling point at constant pressure
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freezing point
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the temperature at which the solid and liquid are in equilibrium at 1 atm pressure
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molar enthalpy of fusion
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the amount of energy as heat required to melt one mole of solid at the solid's melting point
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sublimation
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the change of state from a solid directly to a gas
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deposition
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the change of state from a gas directly to a solid
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phase diagram
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a graph of pressure versus temperature that shows the conditions under which the phases of a substance exist
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triple point
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indicates the temperature and pressure conditions at which the solid, liquid, and vapor of the substance can coexist at equilibrium
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critical point
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indicates the critical temperature and critical pressure
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critical temperature
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the temperature above which the substance cannot exist in the liquid state
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critical pressure
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the lowest pressure at which the substance can exist as a liquid at the critical temperature
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crystalline solids
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they consist of crystals
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crystal
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a substance in which the particles are arranged in an orderly, geometric, repeating pattern
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amorphous solid
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one in which the particles are arranged randomly
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melting
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the physical change of a solid to a liquid by the addition of energy as heat
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melting point
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the temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid
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supercooled liquids
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are substances that retain certain liquid properties even at temperatures at which they appear to be solid
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crystal structure
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the total three-dimensional arrangement of particles of a crystal
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unit cell
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the smallest portion of a crystal lattice that shows the three-dimensional pattern of the entire lattice
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