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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The sourness in foods is caused by...
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acids
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Acids release...
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protons
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Explain acids and metal dissolving.
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acids do dissolve metals but not at the speed that hollywood makes it look
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Explain a neutralization reaction
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acids react with bases to form water and salt
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Acids/ bases- litmus paper?
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acids- red
bases- blue |
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How can acids be harmful?
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dissolve clothing, burn skin, damage gastrointestinal tract, kill
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Hydrochloric acid:
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HCl
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Sulfuric acid:
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H2S04
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Nitric acid:
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HNO3
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phosphoric acid:
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H3PO4
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Bases- how do they feel/ taste?
where are they commonly found? |
slippery feel
bitter taste household cleaning products |
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What is the arrhenius definition for acids and bases?
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acids produce hydrogen ions (H+) in solution
bases produce hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution |
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Do arrhenius definitions always apply?
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no, ammonia
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Compared to the arrhenius definition, the bronsted-lowry definition is overall...
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broader
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Bronsted-lowry only works in solutions without...
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water
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The B-L definition focuses on...
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the transfer of protons (H+ ions)
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Compare/ contrast acids and bases according to the B-L definition.
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acids are proton donors
bases are proton acceptors |
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What makes an acid strong? Example.
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they completely dissociate
HCl |
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Acids in an aqueous environment...
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remain undissociated and are thus weaker
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A double arrow indicates...
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that the dissolution does not go to completion
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How is the acidity of a solution specified?
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the concentration of H3O+ in moles per liter of solution
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Strong vs. weak acids in terms of H3O+
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strong- acid concentration equals concentration of H3O+
weak- acid concentration is greater than concentration of H3O+ |
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What is pure water's H3O concentration?
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1 x 10^-7 (ph of 7)
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On the Ph scale, what is the number at which acids and bases are divided?
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below 7 acid
above 7 base |
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For every 1 change on the Ph scale what happens to the H3O concentration?
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changes by a factor of 10
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Common acids like citrus offer resistance to...
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spoilage
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The use of lactic acid can be associated with...
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pickling
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Explain the process of pickling.
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fermentation by lactic acid forming bacteria preserves low-acid foods (i.e. cabbage, cucumbers)
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What is vinegar?
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acetic acid and water
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Salicylic acid and acetysalicylic acid are tied to what drug?
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aspirin
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How much acid does wine have?
where is the acid from? |
0.60% to 0.80% acid content by volume
grapes/ fermentation |
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What determines the quality of wine?
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the balance of the acids
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When antacids dissociate in water they form...
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a metal ion and a base
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List some common bases.
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sodium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, ammonia
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Why is baking powder used in cooking?
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creates carbon dioxide gas pockets in dough, making the final product lighter and fluffier
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What does yeast produce?
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CO2 and ethanol
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How is acid rain made?
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SO2 and NO2 formed during fossil fuel combustion combined with atmospheric water
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Where does most acidic rainfall occur in the US?
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northeastern US
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Is all rain acidic?
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yes, because of CO2 in atmosphere
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The Clean Air Act greatly limited what gas?
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SO2
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