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98 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Acid
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Chemicals that can form hydrogen ions in water to give a solution of pH less than 7
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Activation Energy
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Minimum enerfy that particles must have to react
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Alkali
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Base that dissolves in water to form hydroxide ions and give a solution if pH greater than 7
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Alkali Metals
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Elements in group 1 of the periodic table
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Ammonia
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NH3, a compound used to make fertilisers
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Ammonium Salt
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Salts formed when ammonia solution reacts with acid
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Anhydrous
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Crystals that do not contain any water
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Atom
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Particle with no electric charge containing protons, neutrons and electrons. The smallest part of a chemical element
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Atom Economy (atom utilisation)
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The percentage of the mass of the products of the reaction that is the desired product
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Atomic Number
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Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
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Backwards Reaction
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The reverse of a chemical reaction as shown by the symbol equation
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Base (chemistry)
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Substance that reacts with an acid
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Burette
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Apparatus used to measure volumes of lipids
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Catalyst
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Sybstance that speeds up a chemical reaction, but is not itself used up
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Collision Theory
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Theory that all particles must collide with enough energy to react
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Combustion
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Burning a substance
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Compound
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Substance made from different elements chemically joined together
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Concentrated
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Large amount of solute dissolved in a solvent such as water
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Concentration
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Measure of how much solute is dissolved in a solvent such as water
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Covalent Bond
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A pair of electrons shared between two atoms
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Crystallisation
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Formation of crystals from a solution
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Dilute
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Small amounts of solute dissolved in a solvent such as water
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Dynamic Equilibrium
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Equilibrium wherethe forward reaction and backwards reaction are both occuring at the same rate
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Electrlysis
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Decomposition of an ionic compound using electricity
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Electron
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A particle inside atoms with a negative electric charge
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Electrostatic Attraction
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The attraction between positive and negative electric charge
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Element
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Substance containing only one type of atom
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Empirical Formula
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Shows the simplest ratio of atoms of each element in a substance
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Endothermic
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Chemical reaction that takes in heat energy
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End Point
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The point in a titration where the acid and alkali have exactly reacted together
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Energy Level
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Orbit in which electrons electrons move around the nucleus inside atoms (aso called a shell)
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Equilibrium
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Chemical reaction in which the forwards and backwards reactions occur at the same time
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Exothermic
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Chemical reaction that gives out heat energy
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Forward Reaction
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Chemical reaction as shown by the symbol equation
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Giant Covalent Structure
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Structure containing billions of atoms in a network linked together by covalent bonds (also called macromolecular)
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Giant Structure
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Regular, continuous structure of atoms or ions
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Haber Process
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Industrial process used to make ammonia
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Half Equation
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Blanced equation showing what happens at an electrode during electrolysis
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Halogens
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Elements in Group of the periodic table
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Hydrated
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Crystals that contain water
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Hydrogen Ions
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H+ ions are formed when an acid dissolves in water
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Hydroxide Ions
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OH- ions found in all alkaline solutions
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Indicator
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Chemical that changes colour at the end point
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Inorganic Fertilisers
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Manufactured chemicals containing nitrogen, which are added to the soil to increase crop yield
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Insoluble
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Substance that does not dissolve in a liquid such as water
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Intermolecular Forces
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Weak attractive forces between molecules
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Ion
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Electricly charged particle containing a different number of protons and electrons
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Ionic Bonding
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Attraction between positive and negative ions
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Ionic Compound
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Substance made up from positive and negative ions
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Ionic Equation
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Equation that shows what happens to the ions in a reaction
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Ionic Structure
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Substance made up of positive and negative ions
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Isotope
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Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons (the same atomic number but a different mass number)
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Lattice
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A regular, continuous structure of atoms or ions
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Macromolecular Structure
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Giant covalent structure
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Mass Number
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Number of protons + the number of neutrons in an atom
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Metallic
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Substance that is a metal
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Metallic Bonding
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Attraction between positive metal ions and delocalised electrons
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Molar Volume
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Volume of 1 mole of gas at room temperature and pressure. It is 24 dm3
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Mole
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620 204 500 000 000 000 000 000 of anything
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Molecular Formula
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Shows the number of atoms of each element in one molecule
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Molecule
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Particle made of atoms joined to each other by covalent bonds
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Monatomic
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Subtance made up of lots of individual atoms
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Nanomaterials
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Substances made of particles that are between 1 and 100 nanomaterials in size
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Nanoparticles
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Particles that are between 1 and 100 nm in size
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Nanoscience
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The study of structures that are between 1 and 100 nm in size
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Neutralisation
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Reaction of an acid with a base
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Neutron
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A particle inside the nucleus of an atom with no electric charge
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Noble Gases
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Elements in group zero of the periodic table
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Nucleus (chemistry)
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The centre of an atom containing protons and neutrons
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Oxidation
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Gain of oxygen (in terms of oxygen); loss of electrons (in terms of electrons)
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Percentage Yield
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Mass of product obtained from a reaction expressed as a percentage of the theoretical maximum mass
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pH Scale
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Scale used to measure the strength of acids and alkalis
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Pipette
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Apparatus used to measure the exact volumes of liquid
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Precipitation Reaction
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Reaction in which two solutions mix and form an insolube salt
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Products
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Substances formed during a chemical reaction
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Proton
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A particle with a positive charge found in the nucleus of an atom
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Proton Number
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Number of protons in an atom (atomic number)
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Rate of Reaction
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Speed of a reaction expressed as the amount of reactant used up or amount of product formed over time
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Reactants
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Substances that react together in a chemical reaction
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Reduction
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Loss of oxygen (in terms of oxygen); Gain of electrons (in terms of electrons)
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Relative Atomic Mass (Ar)
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Average mass of an atom relative to 1/12 in the mass of a 12C atom
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Relative Formula Mass (Mr)
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Some of all the relative atomic masses of the atoms in a formula, the average mass of all the atoms in a formula relative to 1/12 of the mass of a 12C atom
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Relative Mass
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Mass of a particle relative to 1/12 the mass of a 12C atom
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Reversible Reaction
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Chemical reaction that can go in either direction
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Shell (chemistry)
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Orbit in which electrons move around the nucleus inside atoms (alkso called an energy level)
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Simple Molecular Structure
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Substance made up of lots of seperate molecules
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Smart Materials
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Materials which have one or more properties that change in different conditions
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Soluble
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Substance that dissolves in a liquid such as water
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Solute
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Solid that dissolves in a solvent to make a solution
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Solution
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Solute dissolved in as liquid such as water
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Specific (about a catalyst)
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The fact that most catalysts work for one reaction only
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Strong Acid
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Acid which forms lots of hydrogen ions when added to water
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Strong Alkali
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Alkali which forms lots of hydroxide ions when added to water
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Thermal Decomposition
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Splitting up a compound by the action of heat
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Titration
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Method of finding volumes of solutions that just react together
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Weak Acid
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Acid that does not form many H+ ions in water
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Weak Alkali
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Alkali that does not form many OH- ions in water
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Yield (chemistry)
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Mass of a substance made in a chemical reaction
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