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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Fusion (solid to liquid) |
Energy absorbed |
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Vaporization (liquid to gas) |
Energy absorbed |
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Sublimation (solid to gas) |
Energy absorbed |
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Freezing (liquid to solid) |
Energy released |
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Condensation (gas to liquid) |
Energy released |
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Deposition (gas to solid) |
Energy released |
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Liquids and solids are ______ phases |
condensed |
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Forces that hold one molecule near another |
Intermolecular Forces |
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IMFs are directly related to: |
Melting point, boiling point, energy to convert a solid to a liquid, energy to convert a liquid to a vapor |
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In liquids, particles are in ________ contact, but not orderly like solids |
close |
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Strongest IMF is found in: |
solids |
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IMF in gases experience: |
little or no IMF |
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As the strength of IMF increases, the delta H vaporization: |
increases |
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Vaporization is: |
endothermic |
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State in which rate of evaporation is equal to the rate of condensation |
dynamic equilibrium |
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pressure exerted by a vapor over a liquid in a closed container at a given temperature: |
equilibrium vapor pressure |
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As temperature increases, so does the: |
average kinetic energy and vapor pressure |
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as the strength of IMF increases, the: |
boiling point increases |
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Clausius-Clapeyron Equation |
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Clausius-Clapeyron Equation with two different temperatures
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Measure of force required to "break" the surface of the liquid |
Surface tension |
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Molecules are pulled______ and ______ with surface tension |
downward and sideways |
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strong IMFs result in a: |
higher surface tension |
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raising the temperature of a liquid reduces its: |
surface tension |
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strong IMFs equal: |
higher viscosity (honey vs. water) |
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Higher temp. equals: |
lower viscosity |
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_____ of the molecule affects viscosity |
length |
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ability of a liquid to flow up a thin tube against the force of gravity |
capillary action |
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intermolecular attraction between like molecules |
cohesion |
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attraction between unlike molecules |
adhesion |
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when adhesion is greater than cohesion: |
liquid will rise in a glass tube. concave meniscus is formed |
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when adhesion is less than cohesion: |
liquid will fall in a glass tube. convex meniscus is formed |
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greater charge equals stronger attraction |
ion-ion forces |
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attraction between two polar molecules |
dipole-dipole IMFs (HCl) |
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Elements bonded to ______ are very electronegative |
hydrogen |
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attractive forces that occur between polar and nonpolar molecules |
dipole-induced dipole forces |
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Ease with which an electron cloud can be distorted and dipole can be induced |
Polarizability |
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attractive forces caused by induced dipoles are called: |
london dispersion forces (will be stronger than dipole-dipole forces when they occur among highly polarized molecules) |
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As a temporary dipole is established in one molecule, it induces a dipole in all ______ molecules |
surrounding |