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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Organelles that act as cellular "power stations". |
mitochondria |
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The sum of all reactions occurring in an organism. |
metabolism |
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An element found in the body in quantities greater than 5 grams. |
major mineral |
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Food that contains all the essential amino acids in the proportions needed by the body. |
complete protein |
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All reactions involved in the synthesis of biomolecules. |
anabolism |
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An element used in the body in the form of ions or compounds. |
mineral |
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All reactions involved in the breakdown of biomolecules. |
catabolism |
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The human body requires 1.2 mg of a substance each day to operate correctly. This substance would be classified as a |
micronutrient |
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A nonpolar substance required by the body as a macronutrient would be |
lipids |
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ADP is converted to ATP in |
brain cell mitochondria |
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In which stage of extraction of energy from food is ATP formed? |
III |
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ADP is a component of which of the following? a.NAD + b.FAD c.ATP d.more than one choice is correct |
more than one choice is correct |
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Which of the following require a net energy input in order to complete? |
photosynthesis |
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What is the most abundant major mineral in the body? |
calcium |
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6CO2 + 6H2O + energy = C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6O2The reaction above is known as |
photosynthesis |
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The entire process involved in the use of oxygen by cells. |
cellular respiration |
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The most common reaction occurring in the digestion of food is |
hydrolysis |
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Which of the following is derived from the B vitamin pantothenic acid? |
Coenzyme A |
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Which of the following is often involved in reactions that change -CH2-CH2- portions of substrates to -CH=CH- |
FAD |
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Because the body requires large amounts of proteins, lipids and carbohydrates for its daily upkeep, these nutrients are known as? |
macronutrients |
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micronutrients fall into two categories: .-blank-. and minerals. |
vitamins |
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Carbohydrates are either simple or .-blank-. |
complex |
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Simple carbohydrate is another term for .-blank-.. |
sugar |
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Starch is a collective term for the polysaccharides .-blank-.and .-blank-.. |
amylose, amylopectin |
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Cellulose is commonly known as .-blank-.. |
fiber |
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.-blank-.fatty acids come from vegetable oils. |
unsaturated |
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Which macronutrient has an established reference daily intake? |
proteins |
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Amino acids that are produced in insufficient amounts to meet the bodys needs are called .-blank-.amino acids. |
essential |
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A protein that contains all of the essential amino acids is said to be .-blank-.. |
complete |
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Some vitamins are .-blank-. because they are highly polar. |
water-soluble |
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What role do most of the water-soluble vitamins have in the body? |
coenzymes |
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Vitamins A, D, E and K are fat-soluble due to the fact that they are very .-blank-.in nature. |
nonpolar |
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Inorganic ions or compounds that are essential micronutrients are called .-blank-.. |
minerals |
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An average 69 kg person contains 0.18 grams of manganese. Manganese is classified as a .-blank-.mineral. |
trace |
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What is the most abundant major mineral in the body? |
calcium |
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The ultimate source of energy in all biological processes comes from the .-blank-.. |
sun |
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.-blank-.and .-blank-.are the products of photosynthesis. The energy used to make the starch in a corn kernel comes from the .-blank-.and the carbon in the starch comes from the .-blank-.. |
a) glucose and oxygen b) sun, atmosphere |
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In addition to energy, .-blank-.and water are products of respiration. |
carbon dioxide |
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The carbon cycle refers to the relationship between the opposing processes photosynthesis and .-blank-., through which carbon compounds are repeatedly recycled. |
respiration |
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.-blank-.is the sum of all the chemical reactions in a living cell. |
metabolism |
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A metabolic reaction is either defined as catabolism or .-blank-.. |
anabolism |
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Biomolecules are broken down through .-blank-.processes. |
catabolism |
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Biomolecules are synthesized via .-blank-.. |
anabolism |
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Sequences of reactions are grouped into .-blank-.pathways based on the production of a single biomolecule or accomplishment of one process. |
metabolic |
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.-blank-.is the most common reaction in digestion. |
hydrolysis |
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Acetyl .-blank-.is the primary product of the second stage of food catabolism. |
CoA |
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Another name for the third stage of food catabolism is the .-blank-. catabolic pathway. |
common |
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Ultimately, food catabolism results in the production of energy-rich molecules of .-blank-.. |
ATP |
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Energy is transported within cells via .-blank-.molecules. |
ATP |
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How much energy is released through hydrolysis of one mole of ATP? |
7.3 kcal |
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A compound that releases large quantities of energy when it reacts with water is said to be a .-blank-.compound. |
high-energy |
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An ATP molecule has a lifespan of about .-blank-.. |
one minute |
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ATP must be continuously regenerated from .-blank-.for cellular functions to continue. |
ADP |
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The majority of ATP synthesis within cells occurs within the .-blank-.. |
mitochondria |
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Enzymes that catalyze reactions involved in ATP synthesis reside in the .-blank-.of mitochondria. |
inner membrane |
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The B vitamin .-blank-.is a precursor to Coenzyme A. |
pantothenic acid |
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NAD+ is derived from ADP and the vitamin .-blank-.. |
nicotinamide |
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FAD is derived from ADP and the vitamin .-blank-.. |
riboflavin |
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Oxidation of carbon-carbon single bonds to double bonds often involves the cofactor .-blank-.. |
FAD |
