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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Cognition |
Mental activities involved in aquiring retaining and using knowledge |
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Mental image |
Mental representation of objects or events that aren't phsycially present |
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Thinking |
Manipulation of mental representations of info to draw inferences and conclusions |
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Concept |
A mental category of objects or ideas based on properties they share |
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Formal concept |
Mental concept formed by learning rules or features that define it (geometric shapes) |
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Natural concept |
Mental category that is formed by everyday experiences |
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Prototype |
The most typical instance of a particular concept |
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Examplers |
Individual instances of a concept or category held in memory |
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Algorithm. |
Problem solving using specific rule procedure or method |
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Heuristic |
Problem solving strategy follow a general rule of thumb to reduce number of possible solutions |
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Insight |
Sudden realization of how a problem can be solved |
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Intuition |
Coming to conclusion without conciousley awareness of thought processes involved |
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Functional fixedness |
Viewing objects as functioning only in their usual use |
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Mental set |
Solving problems with solutions that have worked in the past |
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Decision making three models |
1) singular factor model (making decision off a single factor, buying the cheapest) 2) additive model (giving multiple factors value then adding it up) 3) elimination by aspects model (evaluate alternatives one aspect at a time) |
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Availability heuristic |
Likelihood of event is estimated by comparing how similar it is to the property of the event |
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Representative heuristic |
Likelihood of event is estimated by comparing how similar it is to the prototype of the event |
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Belief bias effect |
Accept evidence that confirms preexisting belief |
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Overestimation effect |
Overestimate the chances of something happening |
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Linguistic relativity hypothesis |
Differences among languages causes difference in the thought of their speakers |
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Animal cognition |
Study of animal learning memory thinking and language |
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Mental age |
Measure of intelligence based on average of age group |
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Intelligence quotient |
Iq |
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Wais |
Wechsler adult intelligence scale |
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Achievement test |
Measure a person's level of knowledge or skill in a specific area |
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Aptitude test |
Measure a person's capacity to benefit from education or training |
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Reliability |
Ability of test to produce consistent results |
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Validity |
Ability of a test to measure what it intends to measure |
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G factor, general intelligence |
A general intelligence factor responsible for a person's overall performance on tests of mental ability |
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Triarchic theory of intelligence |
3 distinct forms of intelligence Analytical Creative Practical |
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Stereotype threat |
Fear of stereotypes cause you to become e nervous and fail |
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Instinct theories |
Certain human behaviors are innate and due to evolution |
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Drive theories |
Behavior is motivated by unmet biological needs |
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Homeostasis |
Body monitors and maintains internal states. Maintain equilibrium |
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Drive |
Internal motivation, reduce need, restore homeostasis |
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Incentive theories |
Behavior is motivated by external goals and rewards |
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Arousal theory |
People are motivated to maintain an optimal level of arousal, not too high not too low |
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Sensation seeking |
Degree an individual is motivated to experience high levels of sensory and phsyicall arousal associated with varied activities |
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Humanistic theories of motivation |
Psychological and cognitive factors in motivation. Motivated to realize their full potential |
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Base metabolic rate (bmr) |
Rate which body uses energy for vital functions while at rest |
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Leptin |
Hormones produced by fat cells that signals the hypothalamus regulating hunger and eating behavior |
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Neuropeptide (npy) |
Neurotransmitter stimulates eating behavior and reduces metabolism, promoting positive energy balance and weight gain |
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Set point theory |
Natural optimal weight |
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Supersize it syndrome |
Supersize it |
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Positive incentive value |
Not motivated by hunger, motivated by pleasure |
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Cafeteria diet effect |
Buffet |
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Sexuality |
1) excitement 2) plateau 3) orgasm 4) resolution |
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Maslow heirarchy of needs |
Basic physical needs Psychological needs Self fulfillment |
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Self determination theory |
Optimal human functioning can occur only if psychological needs for autonomy competence and relatedness are satisfied |
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Intrinsic motivation |
Desire to engage in tasks that are inherently satisfying and enjoyable |
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Extrinsic motivation |
External factors, rewards, consequences |
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Competence motivation |
Desire to direct behavior towards demonstrating consequence and excercising control |
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Achievement motivation |
Desire to direct behavior toward excelling, succeeding or outperforming others |
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Thematic appreciation test |
Personality test |
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Emotional intelligence |
Capacity to understand and manage emotional experiences |
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Interpersonal engagement |
Emotion dimension reflecting degree to which emotions involve a relationship with another person |
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Display rules |
Social and cultural regulations governing emotional expression |
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James louge theory of emotion |
Emotions arise from perceptions of body changes |
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Facial feedback hypothesis |
Expressing a specific emotion causes the subjective experience or that emotion |
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Two factor theory of emotion |
Emotion is interaction of physiological arousal and cognitive label made to explain it |
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Cognitive appraisal theory of emotion |
Emotional responses are triggered by a cognitive evaluation |