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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
sensory receptors |
endings of neurons or specialized cells that detect stimuli including temp, pain, touch, pressure, light, sound, odor |
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nerve |
a bundle of axons that connect CNS to sensory receptors, muscles, and glands |
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how many pairs of cranial nerves |
12 |
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how many pairs of spinal nerves |
31 |
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ganglion |
collection of neuron cell bodies outside the CNS |
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plexus |
extensive network of axons, and sometimes neuron cell bodies, located outside CNS |
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sensory (afferent) |
transmits action potentials from receptors to CNS |
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motor (efferent) |
transmits action potentials from CNS to effectors (muscles, glands) |
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synapse |
junction of a nerve cell with other cells |
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somatic nervous system |
from CNS to skeletal muscles |
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autonomic nervous system |
from CNS to smooth muscles, cardiac muscle and certain glands |
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sympathetic |
prepares body for physical activity |
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parasympathetic |
regulates resting or vegetative functions such as digesting food or emptying of the urinary bladder |
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enteric |
plexuses within the wall of the digestive tract |
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multipolar |
most neurons in the CNS; motor neurons |
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bipolar |
sensory in retina of the eye and nose |
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pseudo-unipolar |
single process that divides into two branches. the part that extends to the periphery has dendrite-like sensory receptors. |
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neuroglia |
cells of the nervous system that support and protect neurons |
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neurons |
cells of the nervous system that receive stimuli and transmit action potential |
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microglia |
specialized macrophages |
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oligodendrocytes |
form myelin sheaths |
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schwann cells |
wrap around portion of only 1 axon to form the myelin sheath |
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satellite cells |
surround neuron cell bodies in sensory ganglia, provide support and nutrients |
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choroid plexus |
secrete cerebrospinal fluid |
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nodes of Ranvier |
gaps between the myelin sheaths |
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unmyelinated axons |
myelin is not wrapped around the axons |
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gray matter |
unmyelinated axons, cell bodies, and dendrites |
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white matter |
myelinated axons, nerve tracts propagate action potentials |
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depolarization |
the inside of the cell is more positive |
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repolarization |
the inside of the cell is more negative |
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all or none principle |
no matter who strong the stimulus, as long as its greater than threshold, then action potential will occur. |
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axoaxonic synapses |
axon of one neuron synapses with the presynaptic terminal of another |
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presynaptic inhibition |
reduction in the amount of neurotransmitter released from presynaptic terminal increases |
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presynaptic facilitation |
amount of neurotransmitter released from presynaptic terminal increases |
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convergent pathways |
many converge and synapse with smaller number of neurons |
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divergent pathways |
small number of presynaptic neurons synapse with large number of postsynaptic neurons |
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pia mater |
bound tightly to surface of brain and spinal cord. (most inside layer) |
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arachnoid mater |
middle layer of connective tissue of spinal cord |
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dura mater |
outside layer of connective tissue of spinal cord |
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epidural |
the space between dura mater and the walls of the vertebral canal |
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subdural |
space that contains serous fluid |
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subarachnoid |
space that contains CSF |
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cervical enlargement |
supplies upper limbs |
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lumbar enlargement |
supplies lower limbs |
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conus medullaris |
tapered inferior end |
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cauda equina |
origins of spinal nerves extending inferiorly from lumbosacral enlargement and conus medullarus |
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commissures |
connections between left and right halves |
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dorsal root ganglion |
collection of cell bodies of pseudo-unipolar sensory neurons forming dorsal roots |
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dorsal rami |
supply deep muscles of the trunk and skin near the midline of the back (each spinal nerve has one) |
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ventral rami |
what they supply depends upon which part of the spinal cord is considered (each spinal nerve has one) |
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C1-C4 |
cervical plexus |
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C5-T1 |
brachial plexus |
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L1-S4 |
lumbosacral plexus |
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S5 and Co |
coccygeal plexus |
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communicating rami |
carry axons associated with the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system |
|
how many pairs of cervical nerves? |
8 |
|
how many pairs of thoracic nerves? |
12 |
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how many pairs of lumbar nerves? |
5 |
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how many pairs of sacral nerves? |
5 |
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how many pairs of coccygeal nerves |
1 |
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dermatomal map |
shows the skin area supplied with sensory innervation by spinal nerves |
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what plexus is the axillary nerve from? |
brachial |
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what plexus is the radial nerve from? |
brachial |
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what plexus is the median nerve from? |
brachial |
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what plexus is the musculocutaneous nerve from? |
brachial |
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what plexus is the ulnar nerve from? |
brachial nerve |
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what plexus is the tibial nerve from? |
lumbosacral |
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what plexus is the obturator nerve from? |
lumbosacral |
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what plexus is the common fibular nerve from? |
lumbosacral |
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what plexus is the femoral nerve from? |
femoral |