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128 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Compatible Goals |
when your goals match another's
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Incompatible goals |
clashing goals wether they be something everday or fundamental that creates conflict |
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Conflict |
The process that occurs when people perceive they have incompatible goals or behaviors or that someone is interfering in their ability to achieve their objectives |
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Escalation |
the dramatic rise in emotional intensity and increasingly negative communication during conflict, such as teasing that inflates to a heated exchange of insults |
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Demand-withdrawal |
a way of handling conflict in which one partner in a relationship demands that his or her goals be met, and the other partner responds by withdrawing from the conversation |
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Domination |
when one person gets his or her way in a conflict by influencing the other to engage in accommodation and abandon his or her goals |
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Pseudo-conflict |
a mistaken perception that a conflict exists when it doesn't |
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Power Currencies |
control over a resource that other people value |
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Resource Currency
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includes material things such as money, property, and food
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Expertise Currency
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comprise special skills or knowledge
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Social Network Currency
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a person who is linked with a network of friends, family, and acquaintances with substantial influence
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Personal Currency
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personal characteristics-beaut, intelligence, charisma, communication skill, sense of humor- that people consider desirable
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Intimacy Currency
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when you share a close bond with someone that no one else shares
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Kitchen–sinking
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a response to a conflict in which combatants hurl insults and accusations at each other that have very little to do with the original disagreement.
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Sniping
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a way of avoiding conflict by communicating in a negative fashion and then abandoning the encounter by physically leaving the scene or refusing to interact further.
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Skirting
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a way of avoiding conflict by changing the topic or joking about it
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Conflict Management Styles
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–Accommodation
–Compromise –Competition –Collaboration –Avoidance –Withdrawal |
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Accommodation
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a way of handling conflict in which one person abandons his or her goals for the goals of another
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Avoidance
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a way of handling conflict by ignoring, pretending it really isn't happening, or communicating indirectly about the situation
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Collaboration
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a way of handling a conflict by treating it as a mutual problem–solving challenge.
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Compromise
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When, during a conflict, both parties change their goals to make them compatible
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Competition
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A way of handling a conflict by an open and clear discussion of the goal clash that exists and the pursuit of one's own goals without the regard for other's goals.
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Cumulative Annoyance
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a buildup of repressed irritations that grows as the mental list of grievances we have against our partner grows.
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Separation
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a sudden withdrawal of one person from a situation during a conflict
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Integrative Agreements
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when, during a conflict, the two sides preserve and attain their goals by developing a creative solution to their problems.
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Dominance
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the interpersonal behaviors we use to exert power or influence over others. may occur through nonverbal behavior, such as staring someone down.
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Complementary Relationships
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relationships characterized by an unique balance of power
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Symmetrical relationships
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Relationships characterized by an equal balance of power
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Deja vu |
feeling of having already experienced the present situation
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dirty secrets |
statements that are honest in content but have been kept hidden to protect a partner's feelings designed to hurt |
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mocking |
making fun of someone or something in a cruel way
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Silent treatment |
an act of completely ignoring a person or thing by resort to silence especially as a means of expressing contempt or disapproval.
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Withdrawal |
the action of ceasing to participate in an activity.
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Structural Improvement |
when people agree to change the basic rules or understandings that govern their relationships to prevent further conflict |
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Dyadic Power Theory |
the idea that people with only moderate power are most likely to use controlling communication |
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Sudden-death statements |
messages communicated at the height of a conflict that suddenly declare the end of a relationship, even if it wasn't an option before |
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Reactivity |
a way of handling conflict by not pursuing conflict-related goals at all and communicating in an emotionally explosive and negative fashion instead |
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Serial Arguments |
a series of unresolved disputes all having to do with the same issue |
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Loving |
an intense emotional commitment based on intimacy, caring and attachment |
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liking |
a feeling of affection and respect typical of friendship |
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Types of Love |
1. Storage 2. Pragma 3. Agape 4. Ludus 5. Mania 6. Eros |
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Passionate Love |
a state of intense emotional and physical longing for union with one another |
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Companionate Love |
An intense form of liking defined by emotional investment and interdependent lives |
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Storage (type of love) |
-friendly lovers -stable, predictable, and rooted in friendship |
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Pragma (type of love) |
-Practical lovers -logical, rational, and founded in common sense |
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Agape (type of love) |
-forgiving lovers - patient, selfless, giving, and unconditional |
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Ludus (type of love) |
-game-playing lovers - uncommitted, fun, and played like a game |
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Mania (type of love) |
-obsessive lovers -intense, tumultuous, extreme, and all-consuming |
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Eros (type of love) |
-romantic lovers - sentimental, romantic, idealistic, and committed |
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Stages of coming together |
1. initiating 2. experimenting 3. intensifying 4. integrating 5. bonding |
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Circumscribing |
a relationship stage in which partners avoid talking about topics that produce conflict |
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Initiating |
a relationship stage in which two people meet and form their first impression of each other |
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experimenting |
a relationship in which two people become acquainted by sharing factual information about themselves and making light conversation and small talk |
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intensifying |
a relationship stage characterized by deeper self-disclosures, stronger attraction, and intimate communication |
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integrating |
a relationship stage in which two people become a couple and begin to share an identity |
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Bonding |
a relationship stage in which an official, public ritual unites two people by the laws or customs of their culture |
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Social Exchange theory |
the idea that you will be drawn to those you see as offering substantial benefits with few associated costs. |
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Dialectical Tension |
tension between competing impulses -autonomy vs. connection -openness vs. protection |
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Autonomy vs. Connection |
tension between identity and connection to family members; major during adolescent years ex: family sees you as only the family clown -solved through sharing tasks and cultivating social networks |
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Openness vs Protection |
tension fo wanting to share personal information and to protect ourselves from the possible negative consequences of such sharing -family privacy rules |
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family privacy rules |
the conditions governing what family members can talk about, how they can discuss such topics, and who should have access to family-relevant information |
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Communication Privacy Management Theory |
The idea that individuals create informational boundaries by choosing carefully the kind of private information they reveal and the people with whom they share it |
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Elements of Romantic Relationships |
- proximity -physical attractiveness -similarity -reciprocal liking -resources |
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Novelty versus Predictability |
clash between our need for stability and our need for excitement |
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Sages of Coming apart |
1. Differentiating 2. Circumbscribing 3. Stagnating 4. Avoiding 5. Terminating |
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Differentiating |
a relational stage in which the beliefs, attitudes, and values that distinguish you from your partner come to a dominate your thoughts and communication |
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Stagnating |
a relational stage in which communication comes to a stand still |
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Avoiding |
a relational stage in which one or both indiduals ina couple try to distance themselves from each other physically |
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Terminatiing |
a relational stage in which one or both partners end a relationship |
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Beautiful-is-good effect |
a tendency for physical attractiveness to create the perception of competency and intelligence |
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Birds-of-a-feather effect |
a tendency to be attracted to others if we perceive them to have similar levels of physical attractiveness, values, and interests |
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Mere exposure effect |
a phenomenon in which you feel more attracted to those with whom you have frequent contact and vice Versa |
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matching |
a tendency to be attracted to others whom we perceive to be at our own level of attractiveness |
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equity |
the balance of benefits and costs exchanged by you and a romantic interest that determines whether a romantic relationship will take root (after attractiveness is established). |
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betrayal |
act that goes against expectations of a romantic relationship and as a result cause pain to a partner |
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guilt |
the fact of having committed a specified or implied offense or crime |
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Types of Family |
1. Nuclear 2. Extended 3. Stepfamilies 4. Single-parent 5. Cohabiting |
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Nuclear families |
a family type consisting of a father, a mother, and their biological or adopted kids |
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Extended Families |
a family type consisting od a group fo people who are related to one another such as aunts, unlces, cousins, or grandparents, who all live in the same house |
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Stepfamilies |
a family type where at least one of the adults has a child or children from a previous relationship |
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Single-parent families |
a household in which one adult has sole responsibility to be the children's caregiver |
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Cohabitating couples |
two unmarried adults who are involved romantically and lie together with or without children |
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Family Stories |
1. courtship 2. birth 3. entrance 4. survival |
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Courtship Stories |
stories of how the parents fell in love that emphasize the solidity of the parents' relationship |
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Birth Stories |
describes the latter stages of pregnancy, childbirth, and early infancy of a child |
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Entrance stories
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stories provide the adopted child with sense of personal belonging and self esteem, explains why and how they were adopted/chosen |
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Survival Stories |
realate the coping strategies family memebers hav eused to deal with major challenges |
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Family communication Patterns Theory |
idea that two dimensions-conformity orientation and conversation orintation- underlie the communication between family memebrs |
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the degree to which family members believe communication should emphasize similarity or diversity in attitudes, beliefs, and values |
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Conversation Orientaion |
the degree to which family mebers are encouraged to participate in unrestrained interaction about a wide array of topics |
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Consensual Families |
families characterized by high levels of conformity and conversation orientation |
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Pluralistic Families |
families characterized by low levels of conformity and high levels of conversation orientation |
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Protective Families |
Families characterized by high levels of conformity and low levels of conversation |
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Laissez-faire Families |
families characterized by low levels of conformity and conversation orientation |
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Positivity |
maintenance strategy for families in which you communicate with your family in an upbeat and hopeful fashion -do favors unexpectedly |
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Openness |
maintenance strategy for families in which you are open about what is going on and create an environment that allows for this type of communication
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Assurances |
maintenance strategy for families in which you assure your family about how much they mean to you
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Self-disclosure |
maintenance strategy for families in which you share your private thoughts and feeling while allowing them to do the same without fear of betrayal
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Triangulation |
loyalty conflicts that arise when a coalition is formed uniting one family member with another against a third family member |
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Parental Favoritism |
when one or both parents allocate an unfair amount of valuable resources to one child over others |
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Interparental conflict |
overt, hostile interactions between parents in a household |
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Spillover hypothesis
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the idea that emotions, affect, and mood from parental relationships spillover inot the broader family , disrupting childrens sense of emotional security |
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Family rituals |
traditions |
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sexual harassment |
unwelcome sexual advances, physical contact, or requests that render a workplace offensive |
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friendship rules |
general principles for appropriate communication and behavior within friendships 1. show support 2. seek support 3. respect privacy 4. keep confidences 5. defend your friends 6. avoid public criticism 7. make your friends happy 8. manage jealousy 9. share humor 10. maintain equity |
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organizational culture |
a distinct set of workplace traditions, values, and practices |
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organizational networks |
communication links among an organization's members, such as the nature, frequency, and ways information is exchanged |
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virtual networks |
groups of coworkers linked solely through email, Skype, and other communication technologies |
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Workplace cliques
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Dense networks of coworkers who share the same workplace values and broader life attitudes |
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Workplace Relationships |
Any affiliation you ahve with a proffessional peer, supervisor, subordinate, or mentor in a proffessional setting |
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Communal Friendships |
Voluntary Friendhsips focused on shring time and activities together |
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Agentic Friendships |
Voluntary friendships primarily focused on achieving specific and practical goals |
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FWB |
Friendships negotiated to include sexual activity but not with a romantic attachment |
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Best Friends
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people with whom you exchange a deep personal connection and information |
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Friendship Functions |
friendship serves two major functions, companionship and achievement of practical goals. -communal and agentic |
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Characteristics of Friendship |
Voluntary Driven by shared interests characterized by self-disclosure rooted in liking volatile |
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Types of friendships |
-Best Friends -Cross category Friendships 1. cross sex 2. cross orientation 3. intercultural 4. interethnic |
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Characteristics of Family |
1. strong sense of family identity 2. define boundaries 3.intense and complex emotional bonds 4. share a history 5. share genetic material 6. juggle multiple roles |
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workplace values |
beliefs people share about work performance, dedication to the organization, and coworker relationships |
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Workplace Norms |
guidelines governing appropriate interpersonal communication and relationships |
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Workplace artifacts
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the objects and structures that define the organization |
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Workplace climates |
-organizational climate -supportive climate -defensive climate |
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Organizational Climate |
the overarching emotional quality of a workplace environment |
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Supportive CLimate
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a workplace atmoshphere that is supportive, warm, and open |
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Defensive Climate |
a workplace atmosphere that is unfriendly, rigid, or unsupportive of worker's professional and personal needs |
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Peer Relationships |
relationships with people holding positions of organizational status and power similar to our own |
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Relational Maintenance
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1. positivity 2. assurances 3. sharing tasks 4. acceptance 5. self-disclosure 6. relationship talks 7. social networks |
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relational intrusion |
the violation of one's independence and privacy by a person who desires an intimate relationship |