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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Active Transport
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Energy-expending process by which cells transport materials across the cell membrane against a concentration gradient.
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Anaphase
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Phase of mitosis where the centromers split and the chromatid pairs of each chromosome are pulled apart by microtubules.
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Cancer
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Uncontrolled cell division that may be caused by environmental factors and/or changes in enzyme production in the cell cycle.
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Cell Cycle
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Continuous sequences of growth (interphase) and division (mitosis).
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Centriole
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In animal cells, a pair of small cylindrical structures compossed of microtubules that duplicate during interphase and move to opposite ends of the cell during prophase.
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Centromere
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Cell structure that joins two sister chromatids of a chromosome.
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Chromatin
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Long, tangled strands of DNA found in the eukaryotic cell nucleus during interphase.
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Chromosome
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Cell structures that carry the genetic material that is copied and passed from generation to generation of cells.
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Cytokinesis
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Cell process following meiosis or mitosis, in which the cells cytoplasm divides and separates into new cells.
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Endocytosis
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Active transport process where a cell engulfs materials with a portion of the cells plasma membrane and releases the contents inside of the cells.
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Exocytosis
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Active transport process by which materials are secreted or expelled from a cell.
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Facilitated Diffusion
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Passive transport of materials across a plasma membrane by transport proteins embedded in the plasma membrane.
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Gene
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Segment of DNA that controls the protein production and the cell cycle.
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Hypotonic Solution
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In cells, solution in which the concentration of dissolved substances is lower in the solution outside the cell than the concentration outside the cell than the concentration inside the cell; causes a cell to swell and possibly burst as water enters the cell.
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Hypertonic Solution
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In cells, solutions in which the concentration of dissolved substances outside the cell is higher than the concentration inside the cell; causes a cell to shrink as water leaves the cell.
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Interphase
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Cell growth phase where a cell increases in size, carries on metabolism, and duplicates chromosomes prior to division.
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Isotonic Solution
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in cells, solution in which the concentration of dissolved substance in the solution is the same as the concentration of dissolved substances inside a cell.
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Metaphase
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Short second phase of mitosis where doubled chromosomes move to the equater of the spindle and chromatids are attached by centromeres to a separated spindle fiber.
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Mitosis
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Period of nuclear cell division in which two daughter cells are formed, each containing a complete set of chromosomes.
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Organ
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Group of two or more tissues organized to perform complex activities within an organism.
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Organ System
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Multiple organs that work that work together to perform a specific life function.
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Osmosis
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Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane depending on the concentration of solutes on either side of the membrane.
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Passive Transport
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Movement of particles across cell membranes by diffusion or osmosis; the cell uses no energy to move particles across the membrane
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Prophase
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First, and longest phase of mitosis, where chromatin coils into visible chromosomes.
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Sister Chromatid
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Identical halves of a duplicate parent chromosome formed during the prophase stage of mitosis; the halves are held together by a centromere.
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Spindle
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Cell structures composed of microtubule fibers; form between the centrioles during prophase and shorten during anaphase, pulling apart sister chromatids
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Telophase
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Final phase of mitosis during which new cells prepare for there own independent existence
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Tissue
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Groups of cells that work together to perform a specific function.
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